Export of internal Abseil changes.

--
4eacae3ff1b14b1d309e8092185bc10e8a6203cf by Derek Mauro <dmauro@google.com>:

Release SwissTable - a fast, efficient, cache-friendly hash table.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncHmEUmJZf4

PiperOrigin-RevId: 214816527

--
df8c3dfab3cfb2f4365909a84d0683b193cfbb11 by Derek Mauro <dmauro@google.com>:

Internal change

PiperOrigin-RevId: 214785288

--
1eabd5266bbcebc33eecc91e5309b751856a75c8 by Abseil Team <absl-team@google.com>:

Internal change

PiperOrigin-RevId: 214722931

--
2ebbfac950f83146b46253038e7dd7dcde9f2951 by Derek Mauro <dmauro@google.com>:

Internal change

PiperOrigin-RevId: 214701684
GitOrigin-RevId: 4eacae3ff1b14b1d309e8092185bc10e8a6203cf
Change-Id: I9ba64e395b22ad7863213d157b8019b082adc19d

absl/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ add_subdirectory(base)
 add_subdirectory(algorithm)
 add_subdirectory(algorithm)
 add_subdirectory(container)
 add_subdirectory(container)
 add_subdirectory(debugging)
 add_subdirectory(debugging)
+add_subdirectory(hash)
 add_subdirectory(memory)
 add_subdirectory(memory)
 add_subdirectory(meta)
 add_subdirectory(meta)
 add_subdirectory(numeric)
 add_subdirectory(numeric)

absl/container/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -17,12 +17,34 @@
 
 
 list(APPEND CONTAINER_PUBLIC_HEADERS
 list(APPEND CONTAINER_PUBLIC_HEADERS
   "fixed_array.h"
   "fixed_array.h"
+  "flat_hash_map.h"
+  "flat_hash_set.h"
   "inlined_vector.h"
   "inlined_vector.h"
+  "node_hash_map.h"
+  "node_hash_set.h"
 )
 )
 
 
 
 
 list(APPEND CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HEADERS
 list(APPEND CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HEADERS
+  "internal/compressed_tuple.h"
+  "internal/container_memory.h"
+  "internal/hash_function_defaults.h"
+  "internal/hash_generator_testing.h"
+  "internal/hash_policy_testing.h"
+  "internal/hash_policy_traits.h"
+  "internal/hashtable_debug.h"
+  "internal/layout.h"
+  "internal/node_hash_policy.h"
+  "internal/raw_hash_map.h"
+  "internal/raw_hash_set.h"
   "internal/test_instance_tracker.h"
   "internal/test_instance_tracker.h"
+  "internal/tracked.h"
+  "internal/unordered_map_constructor_test.h"
+  "internal/unordered_map_lookup_test.h"
+  "internal/unordered_map_modifiers_test.h"
+  "internal/unordered_set_constructor_test.h"
+  "internal/unordered_set_lookup_test.h"
+  "internal/unordered_set_modifiers_test.h"
 )
 )
 
 
 
 

absl/container/flat_hash_map_test.cc

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "absl/container/flat_hash_map.h"
+
+#include "absl/container/internal/hash_generator_testing.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/unordered_map_constructor_test.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/unordered_map_lookup_test.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/unordered_map_modifiers_test.h"
+#include "absl/types/any.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+namespace {
+using ::absl::container_internal::hash_internal::Enum;
+using ::absl::container_internal::hash_internal::EnumClass;
+using ::testing::_;
+using ::testing::Pair;
+using ::testing::UnorderedElementsAre;
+
+template <class K, class V>
+using Map =
+    flat_hash_map<K, V, StatefulTestingHash, StatefulTestingEqual, Alloc<>>;
+
+static_assert(!std::is_standard_layout<NonStandardLayout>(), "");
+
+using MapTypes =
+    ::testing::Types<Map<int, int>, Map<std::string, int>, Map<Enum, std::string>,
+                     Map<EnumClass, int>, Map<int, NonStandardLayout>,
+                     Map<NonStandardLayout, int>>;
+
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(FlatHashMap, ConstructorTest, MapTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(FlatHashMap, LookupTest, MapTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(FlatHashMap, ModifiersTest, MapTypes);
+
+TEST(FlatHashMap, StandardLayout) {
+  struct Int {
+    explicit Int(size_t value) : value(value) {}
+    Int() : value(0) { ADD_FAILURE(); }
+    Int(const Int& other) : value(other.value) { ADD_FAILURE(); }
+    Int(Int&&) = default;
+    bool operator==(const Int& other) const { return value == other.value; }
+    size_t value;
+  };
+  static_assert(std::is_standard_layout<Int>(), "");
+
+  struct Hash {
+    size_t operator()(const Int& obj) const { return obj.value; }
+  };
+
+  // Verify that neither the key nor the value get default-constructed or
+  // copy-constructed.
+  {
+    flat_hash_map<Int, Int, Hash> m;
+    m.try_emplace(Int(1), Int(2));
+    m.try_emplace(Int(3), Int(4));
+    m.erase(Int(1));
+    m.rehash(2 * m.bucket_count());
+  }
+  {
+    flat_hash_map<Int, Int, Hash> m;
+    m.try_emplace(Int(1), Int(2));
+    m.try_emplace(Int(3), Int(4));
+    m.erase(Int(1));
+    m.clear();
+  }
+}
+
+// gcc becomes unhappy if this is inside the method, so pull it out here.
+struct balast {};
+
+TEST(FlatHashMap, IteratesMsan) {
+  // Because SwissTable randomizes on pointer addresses, we keep old tables
+  // around to ensure we don't reuse old memory.
+  std::vector<absl::flat_hash_map<int, balast>> garbage;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    absl::flat_hash_map<int, balast> t;
+    for (int j = 0; j < 100; ++j) {
+      t[j];
+      for (const auto& p : t) EXPECT_THAT(p, Pair(_, _));
+    }
+    garbage.push_back(std::move(t));
+  }
+}
+
+// Demonstration of the "Lazy Key" pattern.  This uses heterogenous insert to
+// avoid creating expensive key elements when the item is already present in the
+// map.
+struct LazyInt {
+  explicit LazyInt(size_t value, int* tracker)
+      : value(value), tracker(tracker) {}
+
+  explicit operator size_t() const {
+    ++*tracker;
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  size_t value;
+  int* tracker;
+};
+
+struct Hash {
+  using is_transparent = void;
+  int* tracker;
+  size_t operator()(size_t obj) const {
+    ++*tracker;
+    return obj;
+  }
+  size_t operator()(const LazyInt& obj) const {
+    ++*tracker;
+    return obj.value;
+  }
+};
+
+struct Eq {
+  using is_transparent = void;
+  bool operator()(size_t lhs, size_t rhs) const {
+    return lhs == rhs;
+  }
+  bool operator()(size_t lhs, const LazyInt& rhs) const {
+    return lhs == rhs.value;
+  }
+};
+
+TEST(FlatHashMap, LazyKeyPattern) {
+  // hashes are only guaranteed in opt mode, we use assertions to track internal
+  // state that can cause extra calls to hash.
+  int conversions = 0;
+  int hashes = 0;
+  flat_hash_map<size_t, size_t, Hash, Eq> m(0, Hash{&hashes});
+
+  m[LazyInt(1, &conversions)] = 1;
+  EXPECT_THAT(m, UnorderedElementsAre(Pair(1, 1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(conversions, 1);
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+  EXPECT_EQ(hashes, 1);
+#endif
+
+  m[LazyInt(1, &conversions)] = 2;
+  EXPECT_THAT(m, UnorderedElementsAre(Pair(1, 2)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(conversions, 1);
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+  EXPECT_EQ(hashes, 2);
+#endif
+
+  m.try_emplace(LazyInt(2, &conversions), 3);
+  EXPECT_THAT(m, UnorderedElementsAre(Pair(1, 2), Pair(2, 3)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(conversions, 2);
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+  EXPECT_EQ(hashes, 3);
+#endif
+
+  m.try_emplace(LazyInt(2, &conversions), 4);
+  EXPECT_THAT(m, UnorderedElementsAre(Pair(1, 2), Pair(2, 3)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(conversions, 2);
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+  EXPECT_EQ(hashes, 4);
+#endif
+}
+
+TEST(FlatHashMap, BitfieldArgument) {
+  union {
+    int n : 1;
+  };
+  n = 0;
+  flat_hash_map<int, int> m;
+  m.erase(n);
+  m.count(n);
+  m.prefetch(n);
+  m.find(n);
+  m.contains(n);
+  m.equal_range(n);
+  m.insert_or_assign(n, n);
+  m.insert_or_assign(m.end(), n, n);
+  m.try_emplace(n);
+  m.try_emplace(m.end(), n);
+  m.at(n);
+  m[n];
+}
+
+TEST(FlatHashMap, MergeExtractInsert) {
+  // We can't test mutable keys, or non-copyable keys with flat_hash_map.
+  // Test that the nodes have the proper API.
+  absl::flat_hash_map<int, int> m = {{1, 7}, {2, 9}};
+  auto node = m.extract(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(node);
+  EXPECT_EQ(node.key(), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(node.mapped(), 7);
+  EXPECT_THAT(m, UnorderedElementsAre(Pair(2, 9)));
+
+  node.mapped() = 17;
+  m.insert(std::move(node));
+  EXPECT_THAT(m, UnorderedElementsAre(Pair(1, 17), Pair(2, 9)));
+}
+#if !defined(__ANDROID__) && !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
+TEST(FlatHashMap, Any) {
+  absl::flat_hash_map<int, absl::any> m;
+  m.emplace(1, 7);
+  auto it = m.find(1);
+  ASSERT_NE(it, m.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, absl::any_cast<int>(it->second));
+
+  m.emplace(std::piecewise_construct, std::make_tuple(2), std::make_tuple(8));
+  it = m.find(2);
+  ASSERT_NE(it, m.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(8, absl::any_cast<int>(it->second));
+
+  m.emplace(std::piecewise_construct, std::make_tuple(3),
+            std::make_tuple(absl::any(9)));
+  it = m.find(3);
+  ASSERT_NE(it, m.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(9, absl::any_cast<int>(it->second));
+
+  struct H {
+    size_t operator()(const absl::any&) const { return 0; }
+  };
+  struct E {
+    bool operator()(const absl::any&, const absl::any&) const { return true; }
+  };
+  absl::flat_hash_map<absl::any, int, H, E> m2;
+  m2.emplace(1, 7);
+  auto it2 = m2.find(1);
+  ASSERT_NE(it2, m2.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, it2->second);
+}
+#endif  // __ANDROID__
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl

absl/container/flat_hash_set_test.cc

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "absl/container/flat_hash_set.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "absl/container/internal/hash_generator_testing.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/unordered_set_constructor_test.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/unordered_set_lookup_test.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/unordered_set_modifiers_test.h"
+#include "absl/memory/memory.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+namespace {
+
+using ::absl::container_internal::hash_internal::Enum;
+using ::absl::container_internal::hash_internal::EnumClass;
+using ::testing::Pointee;
+using ::testing::UnorderedElementsAre;
+using ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray;
+
+template <class T>
+using Set =
+    absl::flat_hash_set<T, StatefulTestingHash, StatefulTestingEqual, Alloc<T>>;
+
+using SetTypes =
+    ::testing::Types<Set<int>, Set<std::string>, Set<Enum>, Set<EnumClass>>;
+
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(FlatHashSet, ConstructorTest, SetTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(FlatHashSet, LookupTest, SetTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(FlatHashSet, ModifiersTest, SetTypes);
+
+TEST(FlatHashSet, EmplaceString) {
+  std::vector<std::string> v = {"a", "b"};
+  absl::flat_hash_set<absl::string_view> hs(v.begin(), v.end());
+  EXPECT_THAT(hs, UnorderedElementsAreArray(v));
+}
+
+TEST(FlatHashSet, BitfieldArgument) {
+  union {
+    int n : 1;
+  };
+  n = 0;
+  absl::flat_hash_set<int> s = {n};
+  s.insert(n);
+  s.insert(s.end(), n);
+  s.insert({n});
+  s.erase(n);
+  s.count(n);
+  s.prefetch(n);
+  s.find(n);
+  s.contains(n);
+  s.equal_range(n);
+}
+
+TEST(FlatHashSet, MergeExtractInsert) {
+  struct Hash {
+    size_t operator()(const std::unique_ptr<int>& p) const { return *p; }
+  };
+  struct Eq {
+    bool operator()(const std::unique_ptr<int>& a,
+                    const std::unique_ptr<int>& b) const {
+      return *a == *b;
+    }
+  };
+  absl::flat_hash_set<std::unique_ptr<int>, Hash, Eq> set1, set2;
+  set1.insert(absl::make_unique<int>(7));
+  set1.insert(absl::make_unique<int>(17));
+
+  set2.insert(absl::make_unique<int>(7));
+  set2.insert(absl::make_unique<int>(19));
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(set1, UnorderedElementsAre(Pointee(7), Pointee(17)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(set2, UnorderedElementsAre(Pointee(7), Pointee(19)));
+
+  set1.merge(set2);
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(set1, UnorderedElementsAre(Pointee(7), Pointee(17), Pointee(19)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(set2, UnorderedElementsAre(Pointee(7)));
+
+  auto node = set1.extract(absl::make_unique<int>(7));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(node);
+  EXPECT_THAT(node.value(), Pointee(7));
+  EXPECT_THAT(set1, UnorderedElementsAre(Pointee(17), Pointee(19)));
+
+  auto insert_result = set2.insert(std::move(node));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(node);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(insert_result.inserted);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(insert_result.node);
+  EXPECT_THAT(insert_result.node.value(), Pointee(7));
+  EXPECT_EQ(**insert_result.position, 7);
+  EXPECT_NE(insert_result.position->get(), insert_result.node.value().get());
+  EXPECT_THAT(set2, UnorderedElementsAre(Pointee(7)));
+
+  node = set1.extract(absl::make_unique<int>(17));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(node);
+  EXPECT_THAT(node.value(), Pointee(17));
+  EXPECT_THAT(set1, UnorderedElementsAre(Pointee(19)));
+
+  node.value() = absl::make_unique<int>(23);
+
+  insert_result = set2.insert(std::move(node));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(node);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(insert_result.inserted);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(insert_result.node);
+  EXPECT_EQ(**insert_result.position, 23);
+  EXPECT_THAT(set2, UnorderedElementsAre(Pointee(7), Pointee(23)));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl

absl/container/internal/container_memory_test.cc

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "absl/container/internal/container_memory.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+namespace {
+
+using ::testing::Pair;
+
+TEST(Memory, AlignmentLargerThanBase) {
+  std::allocator<int8_t> alloc;
+  void* mem = Allocate<2>(&alloc, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(mem) % 2);
+  memcpy(mem, "abc", 3);
+  Deallocate<2>(&alloc, mem, 3);
+}
+
+TEST(Memory, AlignmentSmallerThanBase) {
+  std::allocator<int64_t> alloc;
+  void* mem = Allocate<2>(&alloc, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(mem) % 2);
+  memcpy(mem, "abc", 3);
+  Deallocate<2>(&alloc, mem, 3);
+}
+
+class Fixture : public ::testing::Test {
+  using Alloc = std::allocator<std::string>;
+
+ public:
+  Fixture() { ptr_ = std::allocator_traits<Alloc>::allocate(*alloc(), 1); }
+  ~Fixture() override {
+    std::allocator_traits<Alloc>::destroy(*alloc(), ptr_);
+    std::allocator_traits<Alloc>::deallocate(*alloc(), ptr_, 1);
+  }
+  std::string* ptr() { return ptr_; }
+  Alloc* alloc() { return &alloc_; }
+
+ private:
+  Alloc alloc_;
+  std::string* ptr_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(Fixture, ConstructNoArgs) {
+  ConstructFromTuple(alloc(), ptr(), std::forward_as_tuple());
+  EXPECT_EQ(*ptr(), "");
+}
+
+TEST_F(Fixture, ConstructOneArg) {
+  ConstructFromTuple(alloc(), ptr(), std::forward_as_tuple("abcde"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(*ptr(), "abcde");
+}
+
+TEST_F(Fixture, ConstructTwoArg) {
+  ConstructFromTuple(alloc(), ptr(), std::forward_as_tuple(5, 'a'));
+  EXPECT_EQ(*ptr(), "aaaaa");
+}
+
+TEST(PairArgs, NoArgs) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(PairArgs(),
+              Pair(std::forward_as_tuple(), std::forward_as_tuple()));
+}
+
+TEST(PairArgs, TwoArgs) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      std::make_pair(std::forward_as_tuple(1), std::forward_as_tuple('A')),
+      PairArgs(1, 'A'));
+}
+
+TEST(PairArgs, Pair) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      std::make_pair(std::forward_as_tuple(1), std::forward_as_tuple('A')),
+      PairArgs(std::make_pair(1, 'A')));
+}
+
+TEST(PairArgs, Piecewise) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      std::make_pair(std::forward_as_tuple(1), std::forward_as_tuple('A')),
+      PairArgs(std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(1),
+               std::forward_as_tuple('A')));
+}
+
+TEST(WithConstructed, Simple) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, WithConstructed<absl::string_view>(
+                   std::make_tuple(std::string("a")),
+                   [](absl::string_view str) { return str.size(); }));
+}
+
+template <class F, class Arg>
+decltype(DecomposeValue(std::declval<F>(), std::declval<Arg>()))
+DecomposeValueImpl(int, F&& f, Arg&& arg) {
+  return DecomposeValue(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Arg>(arg));
+}
+
+template <class F, class Arg>
+const char* DecomposeValueImpl(char, F&& f, Arg&& arg) {
+  return "not decomposable";
+}
+
+template <class F, class Arg>
+decltype(DecomposeValueImpl(0, std::declval<F>(), std::declval<Arg>()))
+TryDecomposeValue(F&& f, Arg&& arg) {
+  return DecomposeValueImpl(0, std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Arg>(arg));
+}
+
+TEST(DecomposeValue, Decomposable) {
+  auto f = [](const int& x, int&& y) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(&x, &y);
+    EXPECT_EQ(42, x);
+    return 'A';
+  };
+  EXPECT_EQ('A', TryDecomposeValue(f, 42));
+}
+
+TEST(DecomposeValue, NotDecomposable) {
+  auto f = [](void*) {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Must not be called";
+    return 'A';
+  };
+  EXPECT_STREQ("not decomposable", TryDecomposeValue(f, 42));
+}
+
+template <class F, class... Args>
+decltype(DecomposePair(std::declval<F>(), std::declval<Args>()...))
+DecomposePairImpl(int, F&& f, Args&&... args) {
+  return DecomposePair(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+template <class F, class... Args>
+const char* DecomposePairImpl(char, F&& f, Args&&... args) {
+  return "not decomposable";
+}
+
+template <class F, class... Args>
+decltype(DecomposePairImpl(0, std::declval<F>(), std::declval<Args>()...))
+TryDecomposePair(F&& f, Args&&... args) {
+  return DecomposePairImpl(0, std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+TEST(DecomposePair, Decomposable) {
+  auto f = [](const int& x, std::piecewise_construct_t, std::tuple<int&&> k,
+              std::tuple<double>&& v) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(&x, &std::get<0>(k));
+    EXPECT_EQ(42, x);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0.5, std::get<0>(v));
+    return 'A';
+  };
+  EXPECT_EQ('A', TryDecomposePair(f, 42, 0.5));
+  EXPECT_EQ('A', TryDecomposePair(f, std::make_pair(42, 0.5)));
+  EXPECT_EQ('A', TryDecomposePair(f, std::piecewise_construct,
+                                  std::make_tuple(42), std::make_tuple(0.5)));
+}
+
+TEST(DecomposePair, NotDecomposable) {
+  auto f = [](...) {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Must not be called";
+    return 'A';
+  };
+  EXPECT_STREQ("not decomposable",
+               TryDecomposePair(f));
+  EXPECT_STREQ("not decomposable",
+               TryDecomposePair(f, std::piecewise_construct, std::make_tuple(),
+                                std::make_tuple(0.5)));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl

absl/container/internal/hash_function_defaults.h

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// Define the default Hash and Eq functions for SwissTable containers.
+//
+// std::hash<T> and std::equal_to<T> are not appropriate hash and equal
+// functions for SwissTable containers. There are two reasons for this.
+//
+// SwissTable containers are power of 2 sized containers:
+//
+// This means they use the lower bits of the hash value to find the slot for
+// each entry. The typical hash function for integral types is the identity.
+// This is a very weak hash function for SwissTable and any power of 2 sized
+// hashtable implementation which will lead to excessive collisions. For
+// SwissTable we use murmur3 style mixing to reduce collisions to a minimum.
+//
+// SwissTable containers support heterogeneous lookup:
+//
+// In order to make heterogeneous lookup work, hash and equal functions must be
+// polymorphic. At the same time they have to satisfy the same requirements the
+// C++ standard imposes on hash functions and equality operators. That is:
+//
+//   if hash_default_eq<T>(a, b) returns true for any a and b of type T, then
+//   hash_default_hash<T>(a) must equal hash_default_hash<T>(b)
+//
+// For SwissTable containers this requirement is relaxed to allow a and b of
+// any and possibly different types. Note that like the standard the hash and
+// equal functions are still bound to T. This is important because some type U
+// can be hashed by/tested for equality differently depending on T. A notable
+// example is `const char*`. `const char*` is treated as a c-style string when
+// the hash function is hash<string> but as a pointer when the hash function is
+// hash<void*>.
+//
+#ifndef ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HASH_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS_H_
+#define ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HASH_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include "absl/base/config.h"
+#include "absl/hash/hash.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+
+// The hash of an object of type T is computed by using absl::Hash.
+template <class T, class E = void>
+struct HashEq {
+  using Hash = absl::Hash<T>;
+  using Eq = std::equal_to<T>;
+};
+
+struct StringHash {
+  using is_transparent = void;
+
+  size_t operator()(absl::string_view v) const {
+    return absl::Hash<absl::string_view>{}(v);
+  }
+};
+
+// Supports heterogeneous lookup for string-like elements.
+struct StringHashEq {
+  using Hash = StringHash;
+  struct Eq {
+    using is_transparent = void;
+    bool operator()(absl::string_view lhs, absl::string_view rhs) const {
+      return lhs == rhs;
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+#if defined(HAS_GLOBAL_STRING)
+template <>
+struct HashEq<std::string> : StringHashEq {};
+#endif
+template <>
+struct HashEq<std::string> : StringHashEq {};
+template <>
+struct HashEq<absl::string_view> : StringHashEq {};
+
+// Supports heterogeneous lookup for pointers and smart pointers.
+template <class T>
+struct HashEq<T*> {
+  struct Hash {
+    using is_transparent = void;
+    template <class U>
+    size_t operator()(const U& ptr) const {
+      return absl::Hash<const T*>{}(HashEq::ToPtr(ptr));
+    }
+  };
+  struct Eq {
+    using is_transparent = void;
+    template <class A, class B>
+    bool operator()(const A& a, const B& b) const {
+      return HashEq::ToPtr(a) == HashEq::ToPtr(b);
+    }
+  };
+
+ private:
+  static const T* ToPtr(const T* ptr) { return ptr; }
+  template <class U, class D>
+  static const T* ToPtr(const std::unique_ptr<U, D>& ptr) {
+    return ptr.get();
+  }
+  template <class U>
+  static const T* ToPtr(const std::shared_ptr<U>& ptr) {
+    return ptr.get();
+  }
+};
+
+template <class T, class D>
+struct HashEq<std::unique_ptr<T, D>> : HashEq<T*> {};
+template <class T>
+struct HashEq<std::shared_ptr<T>> : HashEq<T*> {};
+
+// This header's visibility is restricted.  If you need to access the default
+// hasher please use the container's ::hasher alias instead.
+//
+// Example: typename Hash = typename absl::flat_hash_map<K, V>::hasher
+template <class T>
+using hash_default_hash = typename container_internal::HashEq<T>::Hash;
+
+// This header's visibility is restricted.  If you need to access the default
+// key equal please use the container's ::key_equal alias instead.
+//
+// Example: typename Eq = typename absl::flat_hash_map<K, V, Hash>::key_equal
+template <class T>
+using hash_default_eq = typename container_internal::HashEq<T>::Eq;
+
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl
+
+#endif  // ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HASH_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS_H_

absl/container/internal/hash_function_defaults_test.cc

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "absl/container/internal/hash_function_defaults.h"
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+namespace {
+
+using ::testing::Types;
+
+TEST(Eq, Int32) {
+  hash_default_eq<int32_t> eq;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eq(1, 1u));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eq(1, char{1}));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eq(1, true));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eq(1, double{1.1}));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(eq(1, char{2}));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(eq(1, 2u));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(eq(1, false));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(eq(1, 2.));
+}
+
+TEST(Hash, Int32) {
+  hash_default_hash<int32_t> hash;
+  auto h = hash(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(h, hash(1u));
+  EXPECT_EQ(h, hash(char{1}));
+  EXPECT_EQ(h, hash(true));
+  EXPECT_EQ(h, hash(double{1.1}));
+  EXPECT_NE(h, hash(2u));
+  EXPECT_NE(h, hash(char{2}));
+  EXPECT_NE(h, hash(false));
+  EXPECT_NE(h, hash(2.));
+}
+
+enum class MyEnum { A, B, C, D };
+
+TEST(Eq, Enum) {
+  hash_default_eq<MyEnum> eq;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eq(MyEnum::A, MyEnum::A));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(eq(MyEnum::A, MyEnum::B));
+}
+
+TEST(Hash, Enum) {
+  hash_default_hash<MyEnum> hash;
+
+  for (MyEnum e : {MyEnum::A, MyEnum::B, MyEnum::C}) {
+    auto h = hash(e);
+    EXPECT_EQ(h, hash_default_hash<int>{}(static_cast<int>(e)));
+    EXPECT_NE(h, hash(MyEnum::D));
+  }
+}
+
+using StringTypes = ::testing::Types<std::string, absl::string_view>;
+
+template <class T>
+struct EqString : ::testing::Test {
+  hash_default_eq<T> key_eq;
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(EqString, StringTypes);
+
+template <class T>
+struct HashString : ::testing::Test {
+  hash_default_hash<T> hasher;
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(HashString, StringTypes);
+
+TYPED_TEST(EqString, Works) {
+  auto eq = this->key_eq;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eq("a", "a"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eq("a", absl::string_view("a")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eq("a", std::string("a")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(eq("a", "b"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(eq("a", absl::string_view("b")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(eq("a", std::string("b")));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(HashString, Works) {
+  auto hash = this->hasher;
+  auto h = hash("a");
+  EXPECT_EQ(h, hash(absl::string_view("a")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(h, hash(std::string("a")));
+  EXPECT_NE(h, hash(absl::string_view("b")));
+  EXPECT_NE(h, hash(std::string("b")));
+}
+
+struct NoDeleter {
+  template <class T>
+  void operator()(const T* ptr) const {}
+};
+
+using PointerTypes =
+    ::testing::Types<const int*, int*, std::unique_ptr<const int>,
+                     std::unique_ptr<const int, NoDeleter>,
+                     std::unique_ptr<int>, std::unique_ptr<int, NoDeleter>,
+                     std::shared_ptr<const int>, std::shared_ptr<int>>;
+
+template <class T>
+struct EqPointer : ::testing::Test {
+  hash_default_eq<T> key_eq;
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(EqPointer, PointerTypes);
+
+template <class T>
+struct HashPointer : ::testing::Test {
+  hash_default_hash<T> hasher;
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(HashPointer, PointerTypes);
+
+TYPED_TEST(EqPointer, Works) {
+  int dummy;
+  auto eq = this->key_eq;
+  auto sptr = std::make_shared<int>();
+  std::shared_ptr<const int> csptr = sptr;
+  int* ptr = sptr.get();
+  const int* cptr = ptr;
+  std::unique_ptr<int, NoDeleter> uptr(ptr);
+  std::unique_ptr<const int, NoDeleter> cuptr(ptr);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eq(ptr, cptr));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eq(ptr, sptr));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eq(ptr, uptr));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eq(ptr, csptr));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eq(ptr, cuptr));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(eq(&dummy, cptr));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(eq(&dummy, sptr));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(eq(&dummy, uptr));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(eq(&dummy, csptr));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(eq(&dummy, cuptr));
+}
+
+TEST(Hash, DerivedAndBase) {
+  struct Base {};
+  struct Derived : Base {};
+
+  hash_default_hash<Base*> hasher;
+
+  Base base;
+  Derived derived;
+  EXPECT_NE(hasher(&base), hasher(&derived));
+  EXPECT_EQ(hasher(static_cast<Base*>(&derived)), hasher(&derived));
+
+  auto dp = std::make_shared<Derived>();
+  EXPECT_EQ(hasher(static_cast<Base*>(dp.get())), hasher(dp));
+}
+
+TEST(Hash, FunctionPointer) {
+  using Func = int (*)();
+  hash_default_hash<Func> hasher;
+  hash_default_eq<Func> eq;
+
+  Func p1 = [] { return 1; }, p2 = [] { return 2; };
+  EXPECT_EQ(hasher(p1), hasher(p1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(eq(p1, p1));
+
+  EXPECT_NE(hasher(p1), hasher(p2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(eq(p1, p2));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(HashPointer, Works) {
+  int dummy;
+  auto hash = this->hasher;
+  auto sptr = std::make_shared<int>();
+  std::shared_ptr<const int> csptr = sptr;
+  int* ptr = sptr.get();
+  const int* cptr = ptr;
+  std::unique_ptr<int, NoDeleter> uptr(ptr);
+  std::unique_ptr<const int, NoDeleter> cuptr(ptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(hash(ptr), hash(cptr));
+  EXPECT_EQ(hash(ptr), hash(sptr));
+  EXPECT_EQ(hash(ptr), hash(uptr));
+  EXPECT_EQ(hash(ptr), hash(csptr));
+  EXPECT_EQ(hash(ptr), hash(cuptr));
+  EXPECT_NE(hash(&dummy), hash(cptr));
+  EXPECT_NE(hash(&dummy), hash(sptr));
+  EXPECT_NE(hash(&dummy), hash(uptr));
+  EXPECT_NE(hash(&dummy), hash(csptr));
+  EXPECT_NE(hash(&dummy), hash(cuptr));
+}
+
+// Cartesian product of (string, std::string, absl::string_view)
+// with (string, std::string, absl::string_view, const char*).
+using StringTypesCartesianProduct = Types<
+    // clang-format off
+
+    std::pair<std::string, std::string>,
+    std::pair<std::string, absl::string_view>,
+    std::pair<std::string, const char*>,
+
+    std::pair<absl::string_view, std::string>,
+    std::pair<absl::string_view, absl::string_view>,
+    std::pair<absl::string_view, const char*>>;
+// clang-format on
+
+constexpr char kFirstString[] = "abc123";
+constexpr char kSecondString[] = "ijk456";
+
+template <typename T>
+struct StringLikeTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  typename T::first_type a1{kFirstString};
+  typename T::second_type b1{kFirstString};
+  typename T::first_type a2{kSecondString};
+  typename T::second_type b2{kSecondString};
+  hash_default_eq<typename T::first_type> eq;
+  hash_default_hash<typename T::first_type> hash;
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(StringLikeTest);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(StringLikeTest, Eq) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->eq(this->a1, this->b1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->eq(this->b1, this->a1));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(StringLikeTest, NotEq) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->eq(this->a1, this->b2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->eq(this->b2, this->a1));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(StringLikeTest, HashEq) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->hash(this->a1), this->hash(this->b1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->hash(this->a2), this->hash(this->b2));
+  // It would be a poor hash function which collides on these strings.
+  EXPECT_NE(this->hash(this->a1), this->hash(this->b2));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE(StringLikeTest, StringTypesCartesianProduct);
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl
+
+enum Hash : size_t {
+  kStd = 0x2,       // std::hash
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+  kExtension = kStd,  // In MSVC, std::hash == ::hash
+#else                 // _MSC_VER
+  kExtension = 0x4,  // ::hash (GCC extension)
+#endif                // _MSC_VER
+};
+
+// H is a bitmask of Hash enumerations.
+// Hashable<H> is hashable via all means specified in H.
+template <int H>
+struct Hashable {
+  static constexpr bool HashableBy(Hash h) { return h & H; }
+};
+
+namespace std {
+template <int H>
+struct hash<Hashable<H>> {
+  template <class E = Hashable<H>,
+            class = typename std::enable_if<E::HashableBy(kStd)>::type>
+  size_t operator()(E) const {
+    return kStd;
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace std
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+namespace {
+
+template <class T>
+size_t Hash(const T& v) {
+  return hash_default_hash<T>()(v);
+}
+
+TEST(Delegate, HashDispatch) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(Hash(kStd), Hash(Hashable<kStd>()));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl

absl/container/internal/hash_generator_testing.cc

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "absl/container/internal/hash_generator_testing.h"
+
+#include <deque>
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+namespace hash_internal {
+namespace {
+
+class RandomDeviceSeedSeq {
+ public:
+  using result_type = typename std::random_device::result_type;
+
+  template <class Iterator>
+  void generate(Iterator start, Iterator end) {
+    while (start != end) {
+      *start = gen_();
+      ++start;
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::random_device gen_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+std::mt19937_64* GetThreadLocalRng() {
+  RandomDeviceSeedSeq seed_seq;
+  thread_local auto* rng = new std::mt19937_64(seed_seq);
+  return rng;
+}
+
+std::string Generator<std::string>::operator()() const {
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(runtime/int)
+  std::uniform_int_distribution<short> chars(0x20, 0x7E);
+  std::string res;
+  res.resize(32);
+  std::generate(res.begin(), res.end(),
+                [&]() { return chars(*GetThreadLocalRng()); });
+  return res;
+}
+
+absl::string_view Generator<absl::string_view>::operator()() const {
+  static auto* arena = new std::deque<std::string>();
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(runtime/int)
+  std::uniform_int_distribution<short> chars(0x20, 0x7E);
+  arena->emplace_back();
+  auto& res = arena->back();
+  res.resize(32);
+  std::generate(res.begin(), res.end(),
+                [&]() { return chars(*GetThreadLocalRng()); });
+  return res;
+}
+
+}  // namespace hash_internal
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl

absl/container/internal/hash_generator_testing.h

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// Generates random values for testing. Specialized only for the few types we
+// care about.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HASH_GENERATOR_TESTING_H_
+#define ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HASH_GENERATOR_TESTING_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <random>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "absl/container/internal/hash_policy_testing.h"
+#include "absl/meta/type_traits.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+namespace hash_internal {
+namespace generator_internal {
+
+template <class Container, class = void>
+struct IsMap : std::false_type {};
+
+template <class Map>
+struct IsMap<Map, absl::void_t<typename Map::mapped_type>> : std::true_type {};
+
+}  // namespace generator_internal
+
+std::mt19937_64* GetThreadLocalRng();
+
+enum Enum {
+  kEnumEmpty,
+  kEnumDeleted,
+};
+
+enum class EnumClass : uint64_t {
+  kEmpty,
+  kDeleted,
+};
+
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, const EnumClass& ec) {
+  return o << static_cast<uint64_t>(ec);
+}
+
+template <class T, class E = void>
+struct Generator;
+
+template <class T>
+struct Generator<T, typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T>::value>::type> {
+  T operator()() const {
+    std::uniform_int_distribution<T> dist;
+    return dist(*GetThreadLocalRng());
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct Generator<Enum> {
+  Enum operator()() const {
+    std::uniform_int_distribution<typename std::underlying_type<Enum>::type>
+        dist;
+    while (true) {
+      auto variate = dist(*GetThreadLocalRng());
+      if (variate != kEnumEmpty && variate != kEnumDeleted)
+        return static_cast<Enum>(variate);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct Generator<EnumClass> {
+  EnumClass operator()() const {
+    std::uniform_int_distribution<
+        typename std::underlying_type<EnumClass>::type>
+        dist;
+    while (true) {
+      EnumClass variate = static_cast<EnumClass>(dist(*GetThreadLocalRng()));
+      if (variate != EnumClass::kEmpty && variate != EnumClass::kDeleted)
+        return static_cast<EnumClass>(variate);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct Generator<std::string> {
+  std::string operator()() const;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct Generator<absl::string_view> {
+  absl::string_view operator()() const;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct Generator<NonStandardLayout> {
+  NonStandardLayout operator()() const {
+    return NonStandardLayout(Generator<std::string>()());
+  }
+};
+
+template <class K, class V>
+struct Generator<std::pair<K, V>> {
+  std::pair<K, V> operator()() const {
+    return std::pair<K, V>(Generator<typename std::decay<K>::type>()(),
+                           Generator<typename std::decay<V>::type>()());
+  }
+};
+
+template <class... Ts>
+struct Generator<std::tuple<Ts...>> {
+  std::tuple<Ts...> operator()() const {
+    return std::tuple<Ts...>(Generator<typename std::decay<Ts>::type>()()...);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class U>
+struct Generator<U, absl::void_t<decltype(std::declval<U&>().key()),
+                                decltype(std::declval<U&>().value())>>
+    : Generator<std::pair<
+          typename std::decay<decltype(std::declval<U&>().key())>::type,
+          typename std::decay<decltype(std::declval<U&>().value())>::type>> {};
+
+template <class Container>
+using GeneratedType = decltype(
+    std::declval<const Generator<
+        typename std::conditional<generator_internal::IsMap<Container>::value,
+                                  typename Container::value_type,
+                                  typename Container::key_type>::type>&>()());
+
+}  // namespace hash_internal
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl
+
+#endif  // ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HASH_GENERATOR_TESTING_H_

absl/container/internal/hash_policy_testing.h

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// Utilities to help tests verify that hash tables properly handle stateful
+// allocators and hash functions.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HASH_POLICY_TESTING_H_
+#define ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HASH_POLICY_TESTING_H_
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <limits>
+#include <memory>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "absl/hash/hash.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+namespace hash_testing_internal {
+
+template <class Derived>
+struct WithId {
+  WithId() : id_(next_id<Derived>()) {}
+  WithId(const WithId& that) : id_(that.id_) {}
+  WithId(WithId&& that) : id_(that.id_) { that.id_ = 0; }
+  WithId& operator=(const WithId& that) {
+    id_ = that.id_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  WithId& operator=(WithId&& that) {
+    id_ = that.id_;
+    that.id_ = 0;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  size_t id() const { return id_; }
+
+  friend bool operator==(const WithId& a, const WithId& b) {
+    return a.id_ == b.id_;
+  }
+  friend bool operator!=(const WithId& a, const WithId& b) { return !(a == b); }
+
+ protected:
+  explicit WithId(size_t id) : id_(id) {}
+
+ private:
+  size_t id_;
+
+  template <class T>
+  static size_t next_id() {
+    // 0 is reserved for moved from state.
+    static size_t gId = 1;
+    return gId++;
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace hash_testing_internal
+
+struct NonStandardLayout {
+  NonStandardLayout() {}
+  explicit NonStandardLayout(std::string s) : value(std::move(s)) {}
+  virtual ~NonStandardLayout() {}
+
+  friend bool operator==(const NonStandardLayout& a,
+                         const NonStandardLayout& b) {
+    return a.value == b.value;
+  }
+  friend bool operator!=(const NonStandardLayout& a,
+                         const NonStandardLayout& b) {
+    return a.value != b.value;
+  }
+
+  template <typename H>
+  friend H AbslHashValue(H h, const NonStandardLayout& v) {
+    return H::combine(std::move(h), v.value);
+  }
+
+  std::string value;
+};
+
+struct StatefulTestingHash
+    : absl::container_internal::hash_testing_internal::WithId<
+          StatefulTestingHash> {
+  template <class T>
+  size_t operator()(const T& t) const {
+    return absl::Hash<T>{}(t);
+  }
+};
+
+struct StatefulTestingEqual
+    : absl::container_internal::hash_testing_internal::WithId<
+          StatefulTestingEqual> {
+  template <class T, class U>
+  bool operator()(const T& t, const U& u) const {
+    return t == u;
+  }
+};
+
+// It is expected that Alloc() == Alloc() for all allocators so we cannot use
+// WithId base. We need to explicitly assign ids.
+template <class T = int>
+struct Alloc : std::allocator<T> {
+  using propagate_on_container_swap = std::true_type;
+
+  // Using old paradigm for this to ensure compatibility.
+  explicit Alloc(size_t id = 0) : id_(id) {}
+
+  Alloc(const Alloc&) = default;
+  Alloc& operator=(const Alloc&) = default;
+
+  template <class U>
+  Alloc(const Alloc<U>& that) : std::allocator<T>(that), id_(that.id()) {}
+
+  template <class U>
+  struct rebind {
+    using other = Alloc<U>;
+  };
+
+  size_t id() const { return id_; }
+
+  friend bool operator==(const Alloc& a, const Alloc& b) {
+    return a.id_ == b.id_;
+  }
+  friend bool operator!=(const Alloc& a, const Alloc& b) { return !(a == b); }
+
+ private:
+  size_t id_ = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
+};
+
+template <class Map>
+auto items(const Map& m) -> std::vector<
+    std::pair<typename Map::key_type, typename Map::mapped_type>> {
+  using std::get;
+  std::vector<std::pair<typename Map::key_type, typename Map::mapped_type>> res;
+  res.reserve(m.size());
+  for (const auto& v : m) res.emplace_back(get<0>(v), get<1>(v));
+  return res;
+}
+
+template <class Set>
+auto keys(const Set& s)
+    -> std::vector<typename std::decay<typename Set::key_type>::type> {
+  std::vector<typename std::decay<typename Set::key_type>::type> res;
+  res.reserve(s.size());
+  for (const auto& v : s) res.emplace_back(v);
+  return res;
+}
+
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl
+
+// ABSL_UNORDERED_SUPPORTS_ALLOC_CTORS is false for glibcxx versions
+// where the unordered containers are missing certain constructors that
+// take allocator arguments. This test is defined ad-hoc for the platforms
+// we care about (notably Crosstool 17) because libstdcxx's useless
+// versioning scheme precludes a more principled solution.
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX__) && __GLIBCXX__ <= 20140425
+#define ABSL_UNORDERED_SUPPORTS_ALLOC_CTORS 0
+#else
+#define ABSL_UNORDERED_SUPPORTS_ALLOC_CTORS 1
+#endif
+
+#endif  // ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HASH_POLICY_TESTING_H_

absl/container/internal/hash_policy_testing_test.cc

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "absl/container/internal/hash_policy_testing.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+namespace {
+
+TEST(_, Hash) {
+  StatefulTestingHash h1;
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, h1.id());
+  StatefulTestingHash h2;
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, h2.id());
+  StatefulTestingHash h1c(h1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, h1c.id());
+  StatefulTestingHash h2m(std::move(h2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, h2m.id());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, h2.id());
+  StatefulTestingHash h3;
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, h3.id());
+  h3 = StatefulTestingHash();
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, h3.id());
+  h3 = std::move(h1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, h3.id());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl

absl/container/internal/hash_policy_traits.h

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HASH_POLICY_TRAITS_H_
+#define ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HASH_POLICY_TRAITS_H_
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <memory>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "absl/meta/type_traits.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+
+// Defines how slots are initialized/destroyed/moved.
+template <class Policy, class = void>
+struct hash_policy_traits {
+ private:
+  struct ReturnKey {
+    // We return `Key` here.
+    // When Key=T&, we forward the lvalue reference.
+    // When Key=T, we return by value to avoid a dangling reference.
+    // eg, for string_hash_map.
+    template <class Key, class... Args>
+    Key operator()(Key&& k, const Args&...) const {
+      return std::forward<Key>(k);
+    }
+  };
+
+  template <class P = Policy, class = void>
+  struct ConstantIteratorsImpl : std::false_type {};
+
+  template <class P>
+  struct ConstantIteratorsImpl<P, absl::void_t<typename P::constant_iterators>>
+      : P::constant_iterators {};
+
+ public:
+  // The actual object stored in the hash table.
+  using slot_type = typename Policy::slot_type;
+
+  // The type of the keys stored in the hashtable.
+  using key_type = typename Policy::key_type;
+
+  // The argument type for insertions into the hashtable. This is different
+  // from value_type for increased performance. See initializer_list constructor
+  // and insert() member functions for more details.
+  using init_type = typename Policy::init_type;
+
+  using reference = decltype(Policy::element(std::declval<slot_type*>()));
+  using pointer = typename std::remove_reference<reference>::type*;
+  using value_type = typename std::remove_reference<reference>::type;
+
+  // Policies can set this variable to tell raw_hash_set that all iterators
+  // should be constant, even `iterator`. This is useful for set-like
+  // containers.
+  // Defaults to false if not provided by the policy.
+  using constant_iterators = ConstantIteratorsImpl<>;
+
+  // PRECONDITION: `slot` is UNINITIALIZED
+  // POSTCONDITION: `slot` is INITIALIZED
+  template <class Alloc, class... Args>
+  static void construct(Alloc* alloc, slot_type* slot, Args&&... args) {
+    Policy::construct(alloc, slot, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  // PRECONDITION: `slot` is INITIALIZED
+  // POSTCONDITION: `slot` is UNINITIALIZED
+  template <class Alloc>
+  static void destroy(Alloc* alloc, slot_type* slot) {
+    Policy::destroy(alloc, slot);
+  }
+
+  // Transfers the `old_slot` to `new_slot`. Any memory allocated by the
+  // allocator inside `old_slot` to `new_slot` can be transfered.
+  //
+  // OPTIONAL: defaults to:
+  //
+  //     clone(new_slot, std::move(*old_slot));
+  //     destroy(old_slot);
+  //
+  // PRECONDITION: `new_slot` is UNINITIALIZED and `old_slot` is INITIALIZED
+  // POSTCONDITION: `new_slot` is INITIALIZED and `old_slot` is
+  //                UNINITIALIZED
+  template <class Alloc>
+  static void transfer(Alloc* alloc, slot_type* new_slot, slot_type* old_slot) {
+    transfer_impl(alloc, new_slot, old_slot, 0);
+  }
+
+  // PRECONDITION: `slot` is INITIALIZED
+  // POSTCONDITION: `slot` is INITIALIZED
+  template <class P = Policy>
+  static auto element(slot_type* slot) -> decltype(P::element(slot)) {
+    return P::element(slot);
+  }
+
+  // Returns the amount of memory owned by `slot`, exclusive of `sizeof(*slot)`.
+  //
+  // If `slot` is nullptr, returns the constant amount of memory owned by any
+  // full slot or -1 if slots own variable amounts of memory.
+  //
+  // PRECONDITION: `slot` is INITIALIZED or nullptr
+  template <class P = Policy>
+  static size_t space_used(const slot_type* slot) {
+    return P::space_used(slot);
+  }
+
+  // Provides generalized access to the key for elements, both for elements in
+  // the table and for elements that have not yet been inserted (or even
+  // constructed).  We would like an API that allows us to say: `key(args...)`
+  // but we cannot do that for all cases, so we use this more general API that
+  // can be used for many things, including the following:
+  //
+  //   - Given an element in a table, get its key.
+  //   - Given an element initializer, get its key.
+  //   - Given `emplace()` arguments, get the element key.
+  //
+  // Implementations of this must adhere to a very strict technical
+  // specification around aliasing and consuming arguments:
+  //
+  // Let `value_type` be the result type of `element()` without ref- and
+  // cv-qualifiers. The first argument is a functor, the rest are constructor
+  // arguments for `value_type`. Returns `std::forward<F>(f)(k, xs...)`, where
+  // `k` is the element key, and `xs...` are the new constructor arguments for
+  // `value_type`. It's allowed for `k` to alias `xs...`, and for both to alias
+  // `ts...`. The key won't be touched once `xs...` are used to construct an
+  // element; `ts...` won't be touched at all, which allows `apply()` to consume
+  // any rvalues among them.
+  //
+  // If `value_type` is constructible from `Ts&&...`, `Policy::apply()` must not
+  // trigger a hard compile error unless it originates from `f`. In other words,
+  // `Policy::apply()` must be SFINAE-friendly. If `value_type` is not
+  // constructible from `Ts&&...`, either SFINAE or a hard compile error is OK.
+  //
+  // If `Ts...` is `[cv] value_type[&]` or `[cv] init_type[&]`,
+  // `Policy::apply()` must work. A compile error is not allowed, SFINAE or not.
+  template <class F, class... Ts, class P = Policy>
+  static auto apply(F&& f, Ts&&... ts)
+      -> decltype(P::apply(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Ts>(ts)...)) {
+    return P::apply(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Ts>(ts)...);
+  }
+
+  // Returns the "key" portion of the slot.
+  // Used for node handle manipulation.
+  template <class P = Policy>
+  static auto key(slot_type* slot)
+      -> decltype(P::apply(ReturnKey(), element(slot))) {
+    return P::apply(ReturnKey(), element(slot));
+  }
+
+  // Returns the "value" (as opposed to the "key") portion of the element. Used
+  // by maps to implement `operator[]`, `at()` and `insert_or_assign()`.
+  template <class T, class P = Policy>
+  static auto value(T* elem) -> decltype(P::value(elem)) {
+    return P::value(elem);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // Use auto -> decltype as an enabler.
+  template <class Alloc, class P = Policy>
+  static auto transfer_impl(Alloc* alloc, slot_type* new_slot,
+                            slot_type* old_slot, int)
+      -> decltype((void)P::transfer(alloc, new_slot, old_slot)) {
+    P::transfer(alloc, new_slot, old_slot);
+  }
+  template <class Alloc>
+  static void transfer_impl(Alloc* alloc, slot_type* new_slot,
+                            slot_type* old_slot, char) {
+    construct(alloc, new_slot, std::move(element(old_slot)));
+    destroy(alloc, old_slot);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl
+
+#endif  // ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HASH_POLICY_TRAITS_H_

absl/container/internal/hash_policy_traits_test.cc

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "absl/container/internal/hash_policy_traits.h"
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <new>
+
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+namespace {
+
+using ::testing::MockFunction;
+using ::testing::Return;
+using ::testing::ReturnRef;
+
+using Alloc = std::allocator<int>;
+using Slot = int;
+
+struct PolicyWithoutOptionalOps {
+  using slot_type = Slot;
+  using key_type = Slot;
+  using init_type = Slot;
+
+  static std::function<void(void*, Slot*, Slot)> construct;
+  static std::function<void(void*, Slot*)> destroy;
+
+  static std::function<Slot&(Slot*)> element;
+  static int apply(int v) { return apply_impl(v); }
+  static std::function<int(int)> apply_impl;
+  static std::function<Slot&(Slot*)> value;
+};
+
+std::function<void(void*, Slot*, Slot)> PolicyWithoutOptionalOps::construct;
+std::function<void(void*, Slot*)> PolicyWithoutOptionalOps::destroy;
+
+std::function<Slot&(Slot*)> PolicyWithoutOptionalOps::element;
+std::function<int(int)> PolicyWithoutOptionalOps::apply_impl;
+std::function<Slot&(Slot*)> PolicyWithoutOptionalOps::value;
+
+struct PolicyWithOptionalOps : PolicyWithoutOptionalOps {
+  static std::function<void(void*, Slot*, Slot*)> transfer;
+};
+
+std::function<void(void*, Slot*, Slot*)> PolicyWithOptionalOps::transfer;
+
+struct Test : ::testing::Test {
+  Test() {
+    PolicyWithoutOptionalOps::construct = [&](void* a1, Slot* a2, Slot a3) {
+      construct.Call(a1, a2, std::move(a3));
+    };
+    PolicyWithoutOptionalOps::destroy = [&](void* a1, Slot* a2) {
+      destroy.Call(a1, a2);
+    };
+
+    PolicyWithoutOptionalOps::element = [&](Slot* a1) -> Slot& {
+      return element.Call(a1);
+    };
+    PolicyWithoutOptionalOps::apply_impl = [&](int a1) -> int {
+      return apply.Call(a1);
+    };
+    PolicyWithoutOptionalOps::value = [&](Slot* a1) -> Slot& {
+      return value.Call(a1);
+    };
+
+    PolicyWithOptionalOps::transfer = [&](void* a1, Slot* a2, Slot* a3) {
+      return transfer.Call(a1, a2, a3);
+    };
+  }
+
+  std::allocator<int> alloc;
+  int a = 53;
+
+  MockFunction<void(void*, Slot*, Slot)> construct;
+  MockFunction<void(void*, Slot*)> destroy;
+
+  MockFunction<Slot&(Slot*)> element;
+  MockFunction<int(int)> apply;
+  MockFunction<Slot&(Slot*)> value;
+
+  MockFunction<void(void*, Slot*, Slot*)> transfer;
+};
+
+TEST_F(Test, construct) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(construct, Call(&alloc, &a, 53));
+  hash_policy_traits<PolicyWithoutOptionalOps>::construct(&alloc, &a, 53);
+}
+
+TEST_F(Test, destroy) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(destroy, Call(&alloc, &a));
+  hash_policy_traits<PolicyWithoutOptionalOps>::destroy(&alloc, &a);
+}
+
+TEST_F(Test, element) {
+  int b = 0;
+  EXPECT_CALL(element, Call(&a)).WillOnce(ReturnRef(b));
+  EXPECT_EQ(&b, &hash_policy_traits<PolicyWithoutOptionalOps>::element(&a));
+}
+
+TEST_F(Test, apply) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(apply, Call(42)).WillOnce(Return(1337));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1337, (hash_policy_traits<PolicyWithoutOptionalOps>::apply(42)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(Test, value) {
+  int b = 0;
+  EXPECT_CALL(value, Call(&a)).WillOnce(ReturnRef(b));
+  EXPECT_EQ(&b, &hash_policy_traits<PolicyWithoutOptionalOps>::value(&a));
+}
+
+TEST_F(Test, without_transfer) {
+  int b = 42;
+  EXPECT_CALL(element, Call(&b)).WillOnce(::testing::ReturnRef(b));
+  EXPECT_CALL(construct, Call(&alloc, &a, b));
+  EXPECT_CALL(destroy, Call(&alloc, &b));
+  hash_policy_traits<PolicyWithoutOptionalOps>::transfer(&alloc, &a, &b);
+}
+
+TEST_F(Test, with_transfer) {
+  int b = 42;
+  EXPECT_CALL(transfer, Call(&alloc, &a, &b));
+  hash_policy_traits<PolicyWithOptionalOps>::transfer(&alloc, &a, &b);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl

absl/container/internal/hashtable_debug.h

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// This library provides APIs to debug the probing behavior of hash tables.
+//
+// In general, the probing behavior is a black box for users and only the
+// side effects can be measured in the form of performance differences.
+// These APIs give a glimpse on the actual behavior of the probing algorithms in
+// these hashtables given a specified hash function and a set of elements.
+//
+// The probe count distribution can be used to assess the quality of the hash
+// function for that particular hash table. Note that a hash function that
+// performs well in one hash table implementation does not necessarily performs
+// well in a different one.
+//
+// This library supports std::unordered_{set,map}, dense_hash_{set,map} and
+// absl::{flat,node,string}_hash_{set,map}.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HASHTABLE_DEBUG_H_
+#define ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HASHTABLE_DEBUG_H_
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "absl/container/internal/hashtable_debug_hooks.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+
+// Returns the number of probes required to lookup `key`.  Returns 0 for a
+// search with no collisions.  Higher values mean more hash collisions occurred;
+// however, the exact meaning of this number varies according to the container
+// type.
+template <typename C>
+size_t GetHashtableDebugNumProbes(
+    const C& c, const typename C::key_type& key) {
+  return absl::container_internal::hashtable_debug_internal::
+      HashtableDebugAccess<C>::GetNumProbes(c, key);
+}
+
+// Gets a histogram of the number of probes for each elements in the container.
+// The sum of all the values in the vector is equal to container.size().
+template <typename C>
+std::vector<size_t> GetHashtableDebugNumProbesHistogram(const C& container) {
+  std::vector<size_t> v;
+  for (auto it = container.begin(); it != container.end(); ++it) {
+    size_t num_probes = GetHashtableDebugNumProbes(
+        container,
+        absl::container_internal::hashtable_debug_internal::GetKey<C>(*it, 0));
+    v.resize(std::max(v.size(), num_probes + 1));
+    v[num_probes]++;
+  }
+  return v;
+}
+
+struct HashtableDebugProbeSummary {
+  size_t total_elements;
+  size_t total_num_probes;
+  double mean;
+};
+
+// Gets a summary of the probe count distribution for the elements in the
+// container.
+template <typename C>
+HashtableDebugProbeSummary GetHashtableDebugProbeSummary(const C& container) {
+  auto probes = GetHashtableDebugNumProbesHistogram(container);
+  HashtableDebugProbeSummary summary = {};
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < probes.size(); ++i) {
+    summary.total_elements += probes[i];
+    summary.total_num_probes += probes[i] * i;
+  }
+  summary.mean = 1.0 * summary.total_num_probes / summary.total_elements;
+  return summary;
+}
+
+// Returns the number of bytes requested from the allocator by the container
+// and not freed.
+template <typename C>
+size_t AllocatedByteSize(const C& c) {
+  return absl::container_internal::hashtable_debug_internal::
+      HashtableDebugAccess<C>::AllocatedByteSize(c);
+}
+
+// Returns a tight lower bound for AllocatedByteSize(c) where `c` is of type `C`
+// and `c.size()` is equal to `num_elements`.
+template <typename C>
+size_t LowerBoundAllocatedByteSize(size_t num_elements) {
+  return absl::container_internal::hashtable_debug_internal::
+      HashtableDebugAccess<C>::LowerBoundAllocatedByteSize(num_elements);
+}
+
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl
+
+#endif  // ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HASHTABLE_DEBUG_H_

absl/container/internal/hashtable_debug_hooks.h

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// Provides the internal API for hashtable_debug.h.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HASHTABLE_DEBUG_HOOKS_H_
+#define ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HASHTABLE_DEBUG_HOOKS_H_
+
+#include <cstddef>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+namespace hashtable_debug_internal {
+
+// If it is a map, call get<0>().
+using std::get;
+template <typename T, typename = typename T::mapped_type>
+auto GetKey(const typename T::value_type& pair, int) -> decltype(get<0>(pair)) {
+  return get<0>(pair);
+}
+
+// If it is not a map, return the value directly.
+template <typename T>
+const typename T::key_type& GetKey(const typename T::key_type& key, char) {
+  return key;
+}
+
+// Containers should specialize this to provide debug information for that
+// container.
+template <class Container, typename Enabler = void>
+struct HashtableDebugAccess {
+  // Returns the number of probes required to find `key` in `c`.  The "number of
+  // probes" is a concept that can vary by container.  Implementations should
+  // return 0 when `key` was found in the minimum number of operations and
+  // should increment the result for each non-trivial operation required to find
+  // `key`.
+  //
+  // The default implementation uses the bucket api from the standard and thus
+  // works for `std::unordered_*` containers.
+  static size_t GetNumProbes(const Container& c,
+                             const typename Container::key_type& key) {
+    if (!c.bucket_count()) return {};
+    size_t num_probes = 0;
+    size_t bucket = c.bucket(key);
+    for (auto it = c.begin(bucket), e = c.end(bucket);; ++it, ++num_probes) {
+      if (it == e) return num_probes;
+      if (c.key_eq()(key, GetKey<Container>(*it, 0))) return num_probes;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Returns the number of bytes requested from the allocator by the container
+  // and not freed.
+  //
+  // static size_t AllocatedByteSize(const Container& c);
+
+  // Returns a tight lower bound for AllocatedByteSize(c) where `c` is of type
+  // `Container` and `c.size()` is equal to `num_elements`.
+  //
+  // static size_t LowerBoundAllocatedByteSize(size_t num_elements);
+};
+
+}  // namespace hashtable_debug_internal
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl
+
+#endif  // ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_HASHTABLE_DEBUG_HOOKS_H_

absl/container/internal/node_hash_policy.h

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// Adapts a policy for nodes.
+//
+// The node policy should model:
+//
+// struct Policy {
+//   // Returns a new node allocated and constructed using the allocator, using
+//   // the specified arguments.
+//   template <class Alloc, class... Args>
+//   value_type* new_element(Alloc* alloc, Args&&... args) const;
+//
+//   // Destroys and deallocates node using the allocator.
+//   template <class Alloc>
+//   void delete_element(Alloc* alloc, value_type* node) const;
+// };
+//
+// It may also optionally define `value()` and `apply()`. For documentation on
+// these, see hash_policy_traits.h.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_NODE_HASH_POLICY_H_
+#define ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_NODE_HASH_POLICY_H_
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <memory>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+
+template <class Reference, class Policy>
+struct node_hash_policy {
+  static_assert(std::is_lvalue_reference<Reference>::value, "");
+
+  using slot_type = typename std::remove_cv<
+      typename std::remove_reference<Reference>::type>::type*;
+
+  template <class Alloc, class... Args>
+  static void construct(Alloc* alloc, slot_type* slot, Args&&... args) {
+    *slot = Policy::new_element(alloc, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  template <class Alloc>
+  static void destroy(Alloc* alloc, slot_type* slot) {
+    Policy::delete_element(alloc, *slot);
+  }
+
+  template <class Alloc>
+  static void transfer(Alloc*, slot_type* new_slot, slot_type* old_slot) {
+    *new_slot = *old_slot;
+  }
+
+  static size_t space_used(const slot_type* slot) {
+    if (slot == nullptr) return Policy::element_space_used(nullptr);
+    return Policy::element_space_used(*slot);
+  }
+
+  static Reference element(slot_type* slot) { return **slot; }
+
+  template <class T, class P = Policy>
+  static auto value(T* elem) -> decltype(P::value(elem)) {
+    return P::value(elem);
+  }
+
+  template <class... Ts, class P = Policy>
+  static auto apply(Ts&&... ts) -> decltype(P::apply(std::forward<Ts>(ts)...)) {
+    return P::apply(std::forward<Ts>(ts)...);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl
+
+#endif  // ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_NODE_HASH_POLICY_H_

absl/container/internal/node_hash_policy_test.cc

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "absl/container/internal/node_hash_policy.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/hash_policy_traits.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+namespace {
+
+using ::testing::Pointee;
+
+struct Policy : node_hash_policy<int&, Policy> {
+  using key_type = int;
+  using init_type = int;
+
+  template <class Alloc>
+  static int* new_element(Alloc* alloc, int value) {
+    return new int(value);
+  }
+
+  template <class Alloc>
+  static void delete_element(Alloc* alloc, int* elem) {
+    delete elem;
+  }
+};
+
+using NodePolicy = hash_policy_traits<Policy>;
+
+struct NodeTest : ::testing::Test {
+  std::allocator<int> alloc;
+  int n = 53;
+  int* a = &n;
+};
+
+TEST_F(NodeTest, ConstructDestroy) {
+  NodePolicy::construct(&alloc, &a, 42);
+  EXPECT_THAT(a, Pointee(42));
+  NodePolicy::destroy(&alloc, &a);
+}
+
+TEST_F(NodeTest, transfer) {
+  int s = 42;
+  int* b = &s;
+  NodePolicy::transfer(&alloc, &a, &b);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&s, a);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl

absl/container/internal/raw_hash_map.h

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_RAW_HASH_MAP_H_
+#define ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_RAW_HASH_MAP_H_
+
+#include <tuple>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "absl/container/internal/container_memory.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/raw_hash_set.h"  // IWYU pragma: export
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+
+template <class Policy, class Hash, class Eq, class Alloc>
+class raw_hash_map : public raw_hash_set<Policy, Hash, Eq, Alloc> {
+  // P is Policy. It's passed as a template argument to support maps that have
+  // incomplete types as values, as in unordered_map<K, IncompleteType>.
+  // MappedReference<> may be a non-reference type.
+  template <class P>
+  using MappedReference = decltype(P::value(
+      std::addressof(std::declval<typename raw_hash_map::reference>())));
+
+  // MappedConstReference<> may be a non-reference type.
+  template <class P>
+  using MappedConstReference = decltype(P::value(
+      std::addressof(std::declval<typename raw_hash_map::const_reference>())));
+
+ public:
+  using key_type = typename Policy::key_type;
+  using mapped_type = typename Policy::mapped_type;
+  template <typename K>
+  using key_arg = typename raw_hash_map::raw_hash_set::template key_arg<K>;
+
+  static_assert(!std::is_reference<key_type>::value, "");
+  // TODO(alkis): remove this assertion and verify that reference mapped_type is
+  // supported.
+  static_assert(!std::is_reference<mapped_type>::value, "");
+
+  using iterator = typename raw_hash_map::raw_hash_set::iterator;
+  using const_iterator = typename raw_hash_map::raw_hash_set::const_iterator;
+
+  raw_hash_map() {}
+  using raw_hash_map::raw_hash_set::raw_hash_set;
+
+  // The last two template parameters ensure that both arguments are rvalues
+  // (lvalue arguments are handled by the overloads below). This is necessary
+  // for supporting bitfield arguments.
+  //
+  //   union { int n : 1; };
+  //   flat_hash_map<int, int> m;
+  //   m.insert_or_assign(n, n);
+  template <class K = key_type, class V = mapped_type, K* = nullptr,
+            V* = nullptr>
+  std::pair<iterator, bool> insert_or_assign(key_arg<K>&& k, V&& v) {
+    return insert_or_assign_impl(std::forward<K>(k), std::forward<V>(v));
+  }
+
+  template <class K = key_type, class V = mapped_type, K* = nullptr>
+  std::pair<iterator, bool> insert_or_assign(key_arg<K>&& k, const V& v) {
+    return insert_or_assign_impl(std::forward<K>(k), v);
+  }
+
+  template <class K = key_type, class V = mapped_type, V* = nullptr>
+  std::pair<iterator, bool> insert_or_assign(const key_arg<K>& k, V&& v) {
+    return insert_or_assign_impl(k, std::forward<V>(v));
+  }
+
+  template <class K = key_type, class V = mapped_type>
+  std::pair<iterator, bool> insert_or_assign(const key_arg<K>& k, const V& v) {
+    return insert_or_assign_impl(k, v);
+  }
+
+  template <class K = key_type, class V = mapped_type, K* = nullptr,
+            V* = nullptr>
+  iterator insert_or_assign(const_iterator, key_arg<K>&& k, V&& v) {
+    return insert_or_assign(std::forward<K>(k), std::forward<V>(v)).first;
+  }
+
+  template <class K = key_type, class V = mapped_type, K* = nullptr>
+  iterator insert_or_assign(const_iterator, key_arg<K>&& k, const V& v) {
+    return insert_or_assign(std::forward<K>(k), v).first;
+  }
+
+  template <class K = key_type, class V = mapped_type, V* = nullptr>
+  iterator insert_or_assign(const_iterator, const key_arg<K>& k, V&& v) {
+    return insert_or_assign(k, std::forward<V>(v)).first;
+  }
+
+  template <class K = key_type, class V = mapped_type>
+  iterator insert_or_assign(const_iterator, const key_arg<K>& k, const V& v) {
+    return insert_or_assign(k, v).first;
+  }
+
+  template <class K = key_type, class... Args,
+            typename std::enable_if<
+                !std::is_convertible<K, const_iterator>::value, int>::type = 0,
+            K* = nullptr>
+  std::pair<iterator, bool> try_emplace(key_arg<K>&& k, Args&&... args) {
+    return try_emplace_impl(std::forward<K>(k), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  template <class K = key_type, class... Args,
+            typename std::enable_if<
+                !std::is_convertible<K, const_iterator>::value, int>::type = 0>
+  std::pair<iterator, bool> try_emplace(const key_arg<K>& k, Args&&... args) {
+    return try_emplace_impl(k, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  template <class K = key_type, class... Args, K* = nullptr>
+  iterator try_emplace(const_iterator, key_arg<K>&& k, Args&&... args) {
+    return try_emplace(std::forward<K>(k), std::forward<Args>(args)...).first;
+  }
+
+  template <class K = key_type, class... Args>
+  iterator try_emplace(const_iterator, const key_arg<K>& k, Args&&... args) {
+    return try_emplace(k, std::forward<Args>(args)...).first;
+  }
+
+  template <class K = key_type, class P = Policy>
+  MappedReference<P> at(const key_arg<K>& key) {
+    auto it = this->find(key);
+    if (it == this->end()) std::abort();
+    return Policy::value(&*it);
+  }
+
+  template <class K = key_type, class P = Policy>
+  MappedConstReference<P> at(const key_arg<K>& key) const {
+    auto it = this->find(key);
+    if (it == this->end()) std::abort();
+    return Policy::value(&*it);
+  }
+
+  template <class K = key_type, class P = Policy, K* = nullptr>
+  MappedReference<P> operator[](key_arg<K>&& key) {
+    return Policy::value(&*try_emplace(std::forward<K>(key)).first);
+  }
+
+  template <class K = key_type, class P = Policy>
+  MappedReference<P> operator[](const key_arg<K>& key) {
+    return Policy::value(&*try_emplace(key).first);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  template <class K, class V>
+  std::pair<iterator, bool> insert_or_assign_impl(K&& k, V&& v) {
+    auto res = this->find_or_prepare_insert(k);
+    if (res.second)
+      this->emplace_at(res.first, std::forward<K>(k), std::forward<V>(v));
+    else
+      Policy::value(&*this->iterator_at(res.first)) = std::forward<V>(v);
+    return {this->iterator_at(res.first), res.second};
+  }
+
+  template <class K = key_type, class... Args>
+  std::pair<iterator, bool> try_emplace_impl(K&& k, Args&&... args) {
+    auto res = this->find_or_prepare_insert(k);
+    if (res.second)
+      this->emplace_at(res.first, std::piecewise_construct,
+                       std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<K>(k)),
+                       std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+    return {this->iterator_at(res.first), res.second};
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl
+
+#endif  // ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_RAW_HASH_MAP_H_

absl/container/internal/raw_hash_set.cc

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "absl/container/internal/raw_hash_set.h"
+
+#include <cstddef>
+
+#include "absl/base/config.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+
+constexpr size_t Group::kWidth;
+
+// Returns "random" seed.
+inline size_t RandomSeed() {
+#if ABSL_HAVE_THREAD_LOCAL
+  static thread_local size_t counter = 0;
+  size_t value = ++counter;
+#else   // ABSL_HAVE_THREAD_LOCAL
+  static std::atomic<size_t> counter;
+  size_t value = counter.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+#endif  // ABSL_HAVE_THREAD_LOCAL
+  return value ^ static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&counter));
+}
+
+bool ShouldInsertBackwards(size_t hash, ctrl_t* ctrl) {
+  // To avoid problems with weak hashes and single bit tests, we use % 13.
+  // TODO(kfm,sbenza): revisit after we do unconditional mixing
+  return (H1(hash, ctrl) ^ RandomSeed()) % 13 > 6;
+}
+
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl

absl/container/internal/tracked.h

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_TRACKED_H_
+#define ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_TRACKED_H_
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <memory>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+
+// A class that tracks its copies and moves so that it can be queried in tests.
+template <class T>
+class Tracked {
+ public:
+  Tracked() {}
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(runtime/explicit)
+  Tracked(const T& val) : val_(val) {}
+  Tracked(const Tracked& that)
+      : val_(that.val_),
+        num_moves_(that.num_moves_),
+        num_copies_(that.num_copies_) {
+    ++(*num_copies_);
+  }
+  Tracked(Tracked&& that)
+      : val_(std::move(that.val_)),
+        num_moves_(std::move(that.num_moves_)),
+        num_copies_(std::move(that.num_copies_)) {
+    ++(*num_moves_);
+  }
+  Tracked& operator=(const Tracked& that) {
+    val_ = that.val_;
+    num_moves_ = that.num_moves_;
+    num_copies_ = that.num_copies_;
+    ++(*num_copies_);
+  }
+  Tracked& operator=(Tracked&& that) {
+    val_ = std::move(that.val_);
+    num_moves_ = std::move(that.num_moves_);
+    num_copies_ = std::move(that.num_copies_);
+    ++(*num_moves_);
+  }
+
+  const T& val() const { return val_; }
+
+  friend bool operator==(const Tracked& a, const Tracked& b) {
+    return a.val_ == b.val_;
+  }
+  friend bool operator!=(const Tracked& a, const Tracked& b) {
+    return !(a == b);
+  }
+
+  size_t num_copies() { return *num_copies_; }
+  size_t num_moves() { return *num_moves_; }
+
+ private:
+  T val_;
+  std::shared_ptr<size_t> num_moves_ = std::make_shared<size_t>(0);
+  std::shared_ptr<size_t> num_copies_ = std::make_shared<size_t>(0);
+};
+
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl
+
+#endif  // ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_TRACKED_H_

absl/container/internal/unordered_map_lookup_test.h

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_UNORDERED_MAP_LOOKUP_TEST_H_
+#define ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_UNORDERED_MAP_LOOKUP_TEST_H_
+
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/hash_generator_testing.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/hash_policy_testing.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+
+template <class UnordMap>
+class LookupTest : public ::testing::Test {};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(LookupTest);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(LookupTest, At) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  std::vector<T> values;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(values), 10,
+                  hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m(values.begin(), values.end());
+  for (const auto& p : values) {
+    const auto& val = m.at(p.first);
+    EXPECT_EQ(p.second, val) << ::testing::PrintToString(p.first);
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(LookupTest, OperatorBracket) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  using V = typename TypeParam::mapped_type;
+  std::vector<T> values;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(values), 10,
+                  hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m;
+  for (const auto& p : values) {
+    auto& val = m[p.first];
+    EXPECT_EQ(V(), val) << ::testing::PrintToString(p.first);
+    val = p.second;
+  }
+  for (const auto& p : values)
+    EXPECT_EQ(p.second, m[p.first]) << ::testing::PrintToString(p.first);
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(LookupTest, Count) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  std::vector<T> values;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(values), 10,
+                  hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m;
+  for (const auto& p : values)
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, m.count(p.first)) << ::testing::PrintToString(p.first);
+  m.insert(values.begin(), values.end());
+  for (const auto& p : values)
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, m.count(p.first)) << ::testing::PrintToString(p.first);
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(LookupTest, Find) {
+  using std::get;
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  std::vector<T> values;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(values), 10,
+                  hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m;
+  for (const auto& p : values)
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m.end() == m.find(p.first))
+        << ::testing::PrintToString(p.first);
+  m.insert(values.begin(), values.end());
+  for (const auto& p : values) {
+    auto it = m.find(p.first);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m.end() != it) << ::testing::PrintToString(p.first);
+    EXPECT_EQ(p.second, get<1>(*it)) << ::testing::PrintToString(p.first);
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(LookupTest, EqualRange) {
+  using std::get;
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  std::vector<T> values;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(values), 10,
+                  hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m;
+  for (const auto& p : values) {
+    auto r = m.equal_range(p.first);
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, std::distance(r.first, r.second));
+  }
+  m.insert(values.begin(), values.end());
+  for (const auto& p : values) {
+    auto r = m.equal_range(p.first);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, std::distance(r.first, r.second));
+    EXPECT_EQ(p.second, get<1>(*r.first)) << ::testing::PrintToString(p.first);
+  }
+}
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(LookupTest, At, OperatorBracket, Count, Find,
+                           EqualRange);
+
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl
+#endif  // ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_UNORDERED_MAP_LOOKUP_TEST_H_

absl/container/internal/unordered_map_modifiers_test.h

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_UNORDERED_MAP_MODIFIERS_TEST_H_
+#define ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_UNORDERED_MAP_MODIFIERS_TEST_H_
+
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/hash_generator_testing.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/hash_policy_testing.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+
+template <class UnordMap>
+class ModifiersTest : public ::testing::Test {};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(ModifiersTest);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, Clear) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  std::vector<T> values;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(values), 10,
+                  hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m(values.begin(), values.end());
+  ASSERT_THAT(items(m), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(values));
+  m.clear();
+  EXPECT_THAT(items(m), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAre());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.empty());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, Insert) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  using V = typename TypeParam::mapped_type;
+  T val = hash_internal::Generator<T>()();
+  TypeParam m;
+  auto p = m.insert(val);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p.second);
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *p.first);
+  T val2 = {val.first, hash_internal::Generator<V>()()};
+  p = m.insert(val2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(p.second);
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *p.first);
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, InsertHint) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  using V = typename TypeParam::mapped_type;
+  T val = hash_internal::Generator<T>()();
+  TypeParam m;
+  auto it = m.insert(m.end(), val);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it != m.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *it);
+  T val2 = {val.first, hash_internal::Generator<V>()()};
+  it = m.insert(it, val2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it != m.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *it);
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, InsertRange) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  std::vector<T> values;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(values), 10,
+                  hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m;
+  m.insert(values.begin(), values.end());
+  ASSERT_THAT(items(m), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(values));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, InsertOrAssign) {
+#ifdef UNORDERED_MAP_CXX17
+  using std::get;
+  using K = typename TypeParam::key_type;
+  using V = typename TypeParam::mapped_type;
+  K k = hash_internal::Generator<K>()();
+  V val = hash_internal::Generator<V>()();
+  TypeParam m;
+  auto p = m.insert_or_assign(k, val);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p.second);
+  EXPECT_EQ(k, get<0>(*p.first));
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, get<1>(*p.first));
+  V val2 = hash_internal::Generator<V>()();
+  p = m.insert_or_assign(k, val2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(p.second);
+  EXPECT_EQ(k, get<0>(*p.first));
+  EXPECT_EQ(val2, get<1>(*p.first));
+#endif
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, InsertOrAssignHint) {
+#ifdef UNORDERED_MAP_CXX17
+  using std::get;
+  using K = typename TypeParam::key_type;
+  using V = typename TypeParam::mapped_type;
+  K k = hash_internal::Generator<K>()();
+  V val = hash_internal::Generator<V>()();
+  TypeParam m;
+  auto it = m.insert_or_assign(m.end(), k, val);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it != m.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(k, get<0>(*it));
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, get<1>(*it));
+  V val2 = hash_internal::Generator<V>()();
+  it = m.insert_or_assign(it, k, val2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(k, get<0>(*it));
+  EXPECT_EQ(val2, get<1>(*it));
+#endif
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, Emplace) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  using V = typename TypeParam::mapped_type;
+  T val = hash_internal::Generator<T>()();
+  TypeParam m;
+  // TODO(alkis): We need a way to run emplace in a more meaningful way. Perhaps
+  // with test traits/policy.
+  auto p = m.emplace(val);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p.second);
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *p.first);
+  T val2 = {val.first, hash_internal::Generator<V>()()};
+  p = m.emplace(val2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(p.second);
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *p.first);
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, EmplaceHint) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  using V = typename TypeParam::mapped_type;
+  T val = hash_internal::Generator<T>()();
+  TypeParam m;
+  // TODO(alkis): We need a way to run emplace in a more meaningful way. Perhaps
+  // with test traits/policy.
+  auto it = m.emplace_hint(m.end(), val);
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *it);
+  T val2 = {val.first, hash_internal::Generator<V>()()};
+  it = m.emplace_hint(it, val2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *it);
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, TryEmplace) {
+#ifdef UNORDERED_MAP_CXX17
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  using V = typename TypeParam::mapped_type;
+  T val = hash_internal::Generator<T>()();
+  TypeParam m;
+  // TODO(alkis): We need a way to run emplace in a more meaningful way. Perhaps
+  // with test traits/policy.
+  auto p = m.try_emplace(val.first, val.second);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p.second);
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *p.first);
+  T val2 = {val.first, hash_internal::Generator<V>()()};
+  p = m.try_emplace(val2.first, val2.second);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(p.second);
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *p.first);
+#endif
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, TryEmplaceHint) {
+#ifdef UNORDERED_MAP_CXX17
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  using V = typename TypeParam::mapped_type;
+  T val = hash_internal::Generator<T>()();
+  TypeParam m;
+  // TODO(alkis): We need a way to run emplace in a more meaningful way. Perhaps
+  // with test traits/policy.
+  auto it = m.try_emplace(m.end(), val.first, val.second);
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *it);
+  T val2 = {val.first, hash_internal::Generator<V>()()};
+  it = m.try_emplace(it, val2.first, val2.second);
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *it);
+#endif
+}
+
+template <class V>
+using IfNotVoid = typename std::enable_if<!std::is_void<V>::value, V>::type;
+
+// In openmap we chose not to return the iterator from erase because that's
+// more expensive. As such we adapt erase to return an iterator here.
+struct EraseFirst {
+  template <class Map>
+  auto operator()(Map* m, int) const
+      -> IfNotVoid<decltype(m->erase(m->begin()))> {
+    return m->erase(m->begin());
+  }
+  template <class Map>
+  typename Map::iterator operator()(Map* m, ...) const {
+    auto it = m->begin();
+    m->erase(it++);
+    return it;
+  }
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, Erase) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  using std::get;
+  std::vector<T> values;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(values), 10,
+                  hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m(values.begin(), values.end());
+  ASSERT_THAT(items(m), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(values));
+  auto& first = *m.begin();
+  std::vector<T> values2;
+  for (const auto& val : values)
+    if (get<0>(val) != get<0>(first)) values2.push_back(val);
+  auto it = EraseFirst()(&m, 0);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(it != m.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, std::count(values2.begin(), values2.end(), *it));
+  EXPECT_THAT(items(m), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(values2.begin(),
+                                                             values2.end()));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, EraseRange) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  std::vector<T> values;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(values), 10,
+                  hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m(values.begin(), values.end());
+  ASSERT_THAT(items(m), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(values));
+  auto it = m.erase(m.begin(), m.end());
+  EXPECT_THAT(items(m), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAre());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it == m.end());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, EraseKey) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  std::vector<T> values;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(values), 10,
+                  hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m(values.begin(), values.end());
+  ASSERT_THAT(items(m), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(values));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.erase(values[0].first));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, std::count(m.begin(), m.end(), values[0]));
+  EXPECT_THAT(items(m), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(values.begin() + 1,
+                                                             values.end()));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, Swap) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  std::vector<T> v1;
+  std::vector<T> v2;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(v1), 5, hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(v2), 5, hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m1(v1.begin(), v1.end());
+  TypeParam m2(v2.begin(), v2.end());
+  EXPECT_THAT(items(m1), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(v1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(items(m2), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(v2));
+  m1.swap(m2);
+  EXPECT_THAT(items(m1), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(v2));
+  EXPECT_THAT(items(m2), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(v1));
+}
+
+// TODO(alkis): Write tests for extract.
+// TODO(alkis): Write tests for merge.
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(ModifiersTest, Clear, Insert, InsertHint,
+                           InsertRange, InsertOrAssign, InsertOrAssignHint,
+                           Emplace, EmplaceHint, TryEmplace, TryEmplaceHint,
+                           Erase, EraseRange, EraseKey, Swap);
+
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl
+#endif  // ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_UNORDERED_MAP_MODIFIERS_TEST_H_

absl/container/internal/unordered_map_test.cc

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include "absl/container/internal/unordered_map_constructor_test.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/unordered_map_lookup_test.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/unordered_map_modifiers_test.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+namespace {
+
+using MapTypes = ::testing::Types<
+    std::unordered_map<int, int, StatefulTestingHash, StatefulTestingEqual,
+                       Alloc<std::pair<const int, int>>>,
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string, StatefulTestingHash,
+                       StatefulTestingEqual,
+                       Alloc<std::pair<const std::string, std::string>>>>;
+
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(UnorderedMap, ConstructorTest, MapTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(UnorderedMap, LookupTest, MapTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(UnorderedMap, ModifiersTest, MapTypes);
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl

absl/container/internal/unordered_set_lookup_test.h

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_UNORDERED_SET_LOOKUP_TEST_H_
+#define ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_UNORDERED_SET_LOOKUP_TEST_H_
+
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/hash_generator_testing.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/hash_policy_testing.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+
+template <class UnordSet>
+class LookupTest : public ::testing::Test {};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(LookupTest);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(LookupTest, Count) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  std::vector<T> values;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(values), 10,
+                  hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m;
+  for (const auto& v : values)
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, m.count(v)) << ::testing::PrintToString(v);
+  m.insert(values.begin(), values.end());
+  for (const auto& v : values)
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, m.count(v)) << ::testing::PrintToString(v);
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(LookupTest, Find) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  std::vector<T> values;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(values), 10,
+                  hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m;
+  for (const auto& v : values)
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m.end() == m.find(v)) << ::testing::PrintToString(v);
+  m.insert(values.begin(), values.end());
+  for (const auto& v : values) {
+    typename TypeParam::iterator it = m.find(v);
+    static_assert(std::is_same<const typename TypeParam::value_type&,
+                               decltype(*it)>::value,
+                  "");
+    static_assert(std::is_same<const typename TypeParam::value_type*,
+                               decltype(it.operator->())>::value,
+                  "");
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m.end() != it) << ::testing::PrintToString(v);
+    EXPECT_EQ(v, *it) << ::testing::PrintToString(v);
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(LookupTest, EqualRange) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  std::vector<T> values;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(values), 10,
+                  hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m;
+  for (const auto& v : values) {
+    auto r = m.equal_range(v);
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, std::distance(r.first, r.second));
+  }
+  m.insert(values.begin(), values.end());
+  for (const auto& v : values) {
+    auto r = m.equal_range(v);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, std::distance(r.first, r.second));
+    EXPECT_EQ(v, *r.first);
+  }
+}
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(LookupTest, Count, Find, EqualRange);
+
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl
+#endif  // ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_UNORDERED_SET_LOOKUP_TEST_H_

absl/container/internal/unordered_set_modifiers_test.h

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_UNORDERED_SET_MODIFIERS_TEST_H_
+#define ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_UNORDERED_SET_MODIFIERS_TEST_H_
+
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/hash_generator_testing.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/hash_policy_testing.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+
+template <class UnordSet>
+class ModifiersTest : public ::testing::Test {};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(ModifiersTest);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, Clear) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  std::vector<T> values;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(values), 10,
+                  hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m(values.begin(), values.end());
+  ASSERT_THAT(keys(m), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(values));
+  m.clear();
+  EXPECT_THAT(keys(m), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAre());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.empty());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, Insert) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  T val = hash_internal::Generator<T>()();
+  TypeParam m;
+  auto p = m.insert(val);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p.second);
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *p.first);
+  p = m.insert(val);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(p.second);
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, InsertHint) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  T val = hash_internal::Generator<T>()();
+  TypeParam m;
+  auto it = m.insert(m.end(), val);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it != m.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *it);
+  it = m.insert(it, val);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it != m.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *it);
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, InsertRange) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  std::vector<T> values;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(values), 10,
+                  hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m;
+  m.insert(values.begin(), values.end());
+  ASSERT_THAT(keys(m), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(values));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, Emplace) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  T val = hash_internal::Generator<T>()();
+  TypeParam m;
+  // TODO(alkis): We need a way to run emplace in a more meaningful way. Perhaps
+  // with test traits/policy.
+  auto p = m.emplace(val);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(p.second);
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *p.first);
+  p = m.emplace(val);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(p.second);
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *p.first);
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, EmplaceHint) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  T val = hash_internal::Generator<T>()();
+  TypeParam m;
+  // TODO(alkis): We need a way to run emplace in a more meaningful way. Perhaps
+  // with test traits/policy.
+  auto it = m.emplace_hint(m.end(), val);
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *it);
+  it = m.emplace_hint(it, val);
+  EXPECT_EQ(val, *it);
+}
+
+template <class V>
+using IfNotVoid = typename std::enable_if<!std::is_void<V>::value, V>::type;
+
+// In openmap we chose not to return the iterator from erase because that's
+// more expensive. As such we adapt erase to return an iterator here.
+struct EraseFirst {
+  template <class Map>
+  auto operator()(Map* m, int) const
+      -> IfNotVoid<decltype(m->erase(m->begin()))> {
+    return m->erase(m->begin());
+  }
+  template <class Map>
+  typename Map::iterator operator()(Map* m, ...) const {
+    auto it = m->begin();
+    m->erase(it++);
+    return it;
+  }
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, Erase) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  std::vector<T> values;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(values), 10,
+                  hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m(values.begin(), values.end());
+  ASSERT_THAT(keys(m), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(values));
+  std::vector<T> values2;
+  for (const auto& val : values)
+    if (val != *m.begin()) values2.push_back(val);
+  auto it = EraseFirst()(&m, 0);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(it != m.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, std::count(values2.begin(), values2.end(), *it));
+  EXPECT_THAT(keys(m), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(values2.begin(),
+                                                            values2.end()));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, EraseRange) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  std::vector<T> values;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(values), 10,
+                  hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m(values.begin(), values.end());
+  ASSERT_THAT(keys(m), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(values));
+  auto it = m.erase(m.begin(), m.end());
+  EXPECT_THAT(keys(m), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAre());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(it == m.end());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, EraseKey) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  std::vector<T> values;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(values), 10,
+                  hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m(values.begin(), values.end());
+  ASSERT_THAT(keys(m), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(values));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.erase(values[0]));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, std::count(m.begin(), m.end(), values[0]));
+  EXPECT_THAT(keys(m), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(values.begin() + 1,
+                                                            values.end()));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(ModifiersTest, Swap) {
+  using T = hash_internal::GeneratedType<TypeParam>;
+  std::vector<T> v1;
+  std::vector<T> v2;
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(v1), 5, hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(v2), 5, hash_internal::Generator<T>());
+  TypeParam m1(v1.begin(), v1.end());
+  TypeParam m2(v2.begin(), v2.end());
+  EXPECT_THAT(keys(m1), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(v1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(keys(m2), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(v2));
+  m1.swap(m2);
+  EXPECT_THAT(keys(m1), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(v2));
+  EXPECT_THAT(keys(m2), ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(v1));
+}
+
+// TODO(alkis): Write tests for extract.
+// TODO(alkis): Write tests for merge.
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(ModifiersTest, Clear, Insert, InsertHint,
+                           InsertRange, Emplace, EmplaceHint, Erase, EraseRange,
+                           EraseKey, Swap);
+
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl
+#endif  // ABSL_CONTAINER_INTERNAL_UNORDERED_SET_MODIFIERS_TEST_H_

absl/container/internal/unordered_set_test.cc

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+#include "absl/container/internal/unordered_set_constructor_test.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/unordered_set_lookup_test.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/unordered_set_modifiers_test.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+namespace {
+
+using SetTypes =
+    ::testing::Types<std::unordered_set<int, StatefulTestingHash,
+                                        StatefulTestingEqual, Alloc<int>>,
+                     std::unordered_set<std::string, StatefulTestingHash,
+                                        StatefulTestingEqual, Alloc<std::string>>>;
+
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(UnorderedSet, ConstructorTest, SetTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(UnorderedSet, LookupTest, SetTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(UnorderedSet, ModifiersTest, SetTypes);
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl

absl/container/node_hash_map_test.cc

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "absl/container/node_hash_map.h"
+
+#include "absl/container/internal/tracked.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/unordered_map_constructor_test.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/unordered_map_lookup_test.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/unordered_map_modifiers_test.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+namespace {
+
+using ::testing::Field;
+using ::testing::Pair;
+using ::testing::UnorderedElementsAre;
+
+using MapTypes = ::testing::Types<
+    absl::node_hash_map<int, int, StatefulTestingHash, StatefulTestingEqual,
+                        Alloc<std::pair<const int, int>>>,
+    absl::node_hash_map<std::string, std::string, StatefulTestingHash,
+                        StatefulTestingEqual,
+                        Alloc<std::pair<const std::string, std::string>>>>;
+
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(NodeHashMap, ConstructorTest, MapTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(NodeHashMap, LookupTest, MapTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(NodeHashMap, ModifiersTest, MapTypes);
+
+using M = absl::node_hash_map<std::string, Tracked<int>>;
+
+TEST(NodeHashMap, Emplace) {
+  M m;
+  Tracked<int> t(53);
+  m.emplace("a", t);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, t.num_moves());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, t.num_copies());
+
+  m.emplace(std::string("a"), t);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, t.num_moves());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, t.num_copies());
+
+  std::string a("a");
+  m.emplace(a, t);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, t.num_moves());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, t.num_copies());
+
+  const std::string ca("a");
+  m.emplace(a, t);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, t.num_moves());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, t.num_copies());
+
+  m.emplace(std::make_pair("a", t));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, t.num_moves());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, t.num_copies());
+
+  m.emplace(std::make_pair(std::string("a"), t));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, t.num_moves());
+  ASSERT_EQ(3, t.num_copies());
+
+  std::pair<std::string, Tracked<int>> p("a", t);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, t.num_moves());
+  ASSERT_EQ(4, t.num_copies());
+  m.emplace(p);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, t.num_moves());
+  ASSERT_EQ(4, t.num_copies());
+
+  const std::pair<std::string, Tracked<int>> cp("a", t);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, t.num_moves());
+  ASSERT_EQ(5, t.num_copies());
+  m.emplace(cp);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, t.num_moves());
+  ASSERT_EQ(5, t.num_copies());
+
+  std::pair<const std::string, Tracked<int>> pc("a", t);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, t.num_moves());
+  ASSERT_EQ(6, t.num_copies());
+  m.emplace(pc);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, t.num_moves());
+  ASSERT_EQ(6, t.num_copies());
+
+  const std::pair<const std::string, Tracked<int>> cpc("a", t);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, t.num_moves());
+  ASSERT_EQ(7, t.num_copies());
+  m.emplace(cpc);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, t.num_moves());
+  ASSERT_EQ(7, t.num_copies());
+
+  m.emplace(std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple("a"),
+            std::forward_as_tuple(t));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, t.num_moves());
+  ASSERT_EQ(7, t.num_copies());
+
+  m.emplace(std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(std::string("a")),
+            std::forward_as_tuple(t));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, t.num_moves());
+  ASSERT_EQ(7, t.num_copies());
+}
+
+TEST(NodeHashMap, AssignRecursive) {
+  struct Tree {
+    // Verify that unordered_map<K, IncompleteType> can be instantiated.
+    absl::node_hash_map<int, Tree> children;
+  };
+  Tree root;
+  const Tree& child = root.children.emplace().first->second;
+  // Verify that `lhs = rhs` doesn't read rhs after clearing lhs.
+  root = child;
+}
+
+TEST(FlatHashMap, MoveOnlyKey) {
+  struct Key {
+    Key() = default;
+    Key(Key&&) = default;
+    Key& operator=(Key&&) = default;
+  };
+  struct Eq {
+    bool operator()(const Key&, const Key&) const { return true; }
+  };
+  struct Hash {
+    size_t operator()(const Key&) const { return 0; }
+  };
+  absl::node_hash_map<Key, int, Hash, Eq> m;
+  m[Key()];
+}
+
+struct NonMovableKey {
+  explicit NonMovableKey(int i) : i(i) {}
+  NonMovableKey(NonMovableKey&&) = delete;
+  int i;
+};
+struct NonMovableKeyHash {
+  using is_transparent = void;
+  size_t operator()(const NonMovableKey& k) const { return k.i; }
+  size_t operator()(int k) const { return k; }
+};
+struct NonMovableKeyEq {
+  using is_transparent = void;
+  bool operator()(const NonMovableKey& a, const NonMovableKey& b) const {
+    return a.i == b.i;
+  }
+  bool operator()(const NonMovableKey& a, int b) const { return a.i == b; }
+};
+
+TEST(NodeHashMap, MergeExtractInsert) {
+  absl::node_hash_map<NonMovableKey, int, NonMovableKeyHash, NonMovableKeyEq>
+      set1, set2;
+  set1.emplace(std::piecewise_construct, std::make_tuple(7),
+               std::make_tuple(-7));
+  set1.emplace(std::piecewise_construct, std::make_tuple(17),
+               std::make_tuple(-17));
+
+  set2.emplace(std::piecewise_construct, std::make_tuple(7),
+               std::make_tuple(-70));
+  set2.emplace(std::piecewise_construct, std::make_tuple(19),
+               std::make_tuple(-190));
+
+  auto Elem = [](int key, int value) {
+    return Pair(Field(&NonMovableKey::i, key), value);
+  };
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(set1, UnorderedElementsAre(Elem(7, -7), Elem(17, -17)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(set2, UnorderedElementsAre(Elem(7, -70), Elem(19, -190)));
+
+  // NonMovableKey is neither copyable nor movable. We should still be able to
+  // move nodes around.
+  static_assert(!std::is_move_constructible<NonMovableKey>::value, "");
+  set1.merge(set2);
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(set1,
+              UnorderedElementsAre(Elem(7, -7), Elem(17, -17), Elem(19, -190)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(set2, UnorderedElementsAre(Elem(7, -70)));
+
+  auto node = set1.extract(7);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(node);
+  EXPECT_EQ(node.key().i, 7);
+  EXPECT_EQ(node.mapped(), -7);
+  EXPECT_THAT(set1, UnorderedElementsAre(Elem(17, -17), Elem(19, -190)));
+
+  auto insert_result = set2.insert(std::move(node));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(node);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(insert_result.inserted);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(insert_result.node);
+  EXPECT_EQ(insert_result.node.key().i, 7);
+  EXPECT_EQ(insert_result.node.mapped(), -7);
+  EXPECT_THAT(*insert_result.position, Elem(7, -70));
+  EXPECT_THAT(set2, UnorderedElementsAre(Elem(7, -70)));
+
+  node = set1.extract(17);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(node);
+  EXPECT_EQ(node.key().i, 17);
+  EXPECT_EQ(node.mapped(), -17);
+  EXPECT_THAT(set1, UnorderedElementsAre(Elem(19, -190)));
+
+  node.mapped() = 23;
+
+  insert_result = set2.insert(std::move(node));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(node);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(insert_result.inserted);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(insert_result.node);
+  EXPECT_THAT(*insert_result.position, Elem(17, 23));
+  EXPECT_THAT(set2, UnorderedElementsAre(Elem(7, -70), Elem(17, 23)));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl

absl/container/node_hash_set_test.cc

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "absl/container/node_hash_set.h"
+
+#include "absl/container/internal/unordered_set_constructor_test.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/unordered_set_lookup_test.h"
+#include "absl/container/internal/unordered_set_modifiers_test.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace container_internal {
+namespace {
+using ::absl::container_internal::hash_internal::Enum;
+using ::absl::container_internal::hash_internal::EnumClass;
+using ::testing::Pointee;
+using ::testing::UnorderedElementsAre;
+
+using SetTypes = ::testing::Types<
+    node_hash_set<int, StatefulTestingHash, StatefulTestingEqual, Alloc<int>>,
+    node_hash_set<std::string, StatefulTestingHash, StatefulTestingEqual,
+                  Alloc<int>>,
+    node_hash_set<Enum, StatefulTestingHash, StatefulTestingEqual, Alloc<Enum>>,
+    node_hash_set<EnumClass, StatefulTestingHash, StatefulTestingEqual,
+                  Alloc<EnumClass>>>;
+
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(NodeHashSet, ConstructorTest, SetTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(NodeHashSet, LookupTest, SetTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(NodeHashSet, ModifiersTest, SetTypes);
+
+TEST(NodeHashSet, MoveableNotCopyableCompiles) {
+  node_hash_set<std::unique_ptr<void*>> t;
+  node_hash_set<std::unique_ptr<void*>> u;
+  u = std::move(t);
+}
+
+TEST(NodeHashSet, MergeExtractInsert) {
+  struct Hash {
+    size_t operator()(const std::unique_ptr<int>& p) const { return *p; }
+  };
+  struct Eq {
+    bool operator()(const std::unique_ptr<int>& a,
+                    const std::unique_ptr<int>& b) const {
+      return *a == *b;
+    }
+  };
+  absl::node_hash_set<std::unique_ptr<int>, Hash, Eq> set1, set2;
+  set1.insert(absl::make_unique<int>(7));
+  set1.insert(absl::make_unique<int>(17));
+
+  set2.insert(absl::make_unique<int>(7));
+  set2.insert(absl::make_unique<int>(19));
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(set1, UnorderedElementsAre(Pointee(7), Pointee(17)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(set2, UnorderedElementsAre(Pointee(7), Pointee(19)));
+
+  set1.merge(set2);
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(set1, UnorderedElementsAre(Pointee(7), Pointee(17), Pointee(19)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(set2, UnorderedElementsAre(Pointee(7)));
+
+  auto node = set1.extract(absl::make_unique<int>(7));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(node);
+  EXPECT_THAT(node.value(), Pointee(7));
+  EXPECT_THAT(set1, UnorderedElementsAre(Pointee(17), Pointee(19)));
+
+  auto insert_result = set2.insert(std::move(node));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(node);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(insert_result.inserted);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(insert_result.node);
+  EXPECT_THAT(insert_result.node.value(), Pointee(7));
+  EXPECT_EQ(**insert_result.position, 7);
+  EXPECT_NE(insert_result.position->get(), insert_result.node.value().get());
+  EXPECT_THAT(set2, UnorderedElementsAre(Pointee(7)));
+
+  node = set1.extract(absl::make_unique<int>(17));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(node);
+  EXPECT_THAT(node.value(), Pointee(17));
+  EXPECT_THAT(set1, UnorderedElementsAre(Pointee(19)));
+
+  node.value() = absl::make_unique<int>(23);
+
+  insert_result = set2.insert(std::move(node));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(node);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(insert_result.inserted);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(insert_result.node);
+  EXPECT_EQ(**insert_result.position, 23);
+  EXPECT_THAT(set2, UnorderedElementsAre(Pointee(7), Pointee(23)));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace container_internal
+}  // namespace absl

absl/copts.bzl

@@ -117,6 +117,7 @@ MSVC_FLAGS = [
     "/W3",
     "/W3",
     "/wd4005",  # macro-redefinition
     "/wd4005",  # macro-redefinition
     "/wd4068",  # unknown pragma
     "/wd4068",  # unknown pragma
+    "/wd4180",  # qualifier applied to function type has no meaning; ignored
     "/wd4244",  # conversion from 'type1' to 'type2', possible loss of data
     "/wd4244",  # conversion from 'type1' to 'type2', possible loss of data
     "/wd4267",  # conversion from 'size_t' to 'type', possible loss of data
     "/wd4267",  # conversion from 'size_t' to 'type', possible loss of data
     "/wd4800",  # forcing value to bool 'true' or 'false' (performance warning)
     "/wd4800",  # forcing value to bool 'true' or 'false' (performance warning)

absl/hash/BUILD.bazel

+#
+# Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+load(
+    "//absl:copts.bzl",
+    "ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS",
+    "ABSL_TEST_COPTS",
+)
+
+package(default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"])
+
+licenses(["notice"])  # Apache 2.0
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "hash",
+    srcs = [
+        "internal/hash.cc",
+        "internal/hash.h",
+    ],
+    hdrs = ["hash.h"],
+    copts = ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS,
+    deps = [
+        ":city",
+        "//absl/base:core_headers",
+        "//absl/base:endian",
+        "//absl/container:fixed_array",
+        "//absl/meta:type_traits",
+        "//absl/numeric:int128",
+        "//absl/strings",
+        "//absl/types:optional",
+        "//absl/types:variant",
+        "//absl/utility",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "hash_testing",
+    testonly = 1,
+    hdrs = ["hash_testing.h"],
+    deps = [
+        ":spy_hash_state",
+        "//absl/meta:type_traits",
+        "//absl/strings",
+        "//absl/types:variant",
+        "@com_google_googletest//:gtest",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_test(
+    name = "hash_test",
+    srcs = ["hash_test.cc"],
+    copts = ABSL_TEST_COPTS,
+    deps = [
+        ":hash",
+        ":hash_testing",
+        "//absl/base:core_headers",
+        "//absl/container:flat_hash_set",
+        "//absl/hash:spy_hash_state",
+        "//absl/meta:type_traits",
+        "//absl/numeric:int128",
+        "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "spy_hash_state",
+    testonly = 1,
+    hdrs = ["internal/spy_hash_state.h"],
+    copts = ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS,
+    visibility = ["//visibility:private"],
+    deps = [
+        ":hash",
+        "//absl/strings",
+        "//absl/strings:str_format",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "city",
+    srcs = ["internal/city.cc"],
+    hdrs = [
+        "internal/city.h",
+        "internal/city_crc.h",
+    ],
+    copts = ABSL_DEFAULT_COPTS,
+    deps = [
+        "//absl/base:config",
+        "//absl/base:core_headers",
+        "//absl/base:endian",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_test(
+    name = "city_test",
+    srcs = ["internal/city_test.cc"],
+    copts = ABSL_TEST_COPTS,
+    deps = [
+        ":city",
+        "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
+    ],
+)

absl/hash/CMakeLists.txt

+#
+# Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+list(APPEND HASH_PUBLIC_HEADERS
+  "hash.h"
+)
+
+list(APPEND HASH_INTERNAL_HEADERS
+  "internal/city.h"
+  "internal/city_crc.h"
+  "internal/hash.h"
+)
+
+# absl_hash library
+list(APPEND HASH_SRC
+  "internal/city.cc"
+  "internal/hash.cc"
+  ${HASH_PUBLIC_HEADERS}
+  ${HASH_INTERNAL_HEADERS}
+)
+
+set(HASH_PUBLIC_LIBRARIES absl::hash absl::container absl::strings absl::str_format absl::utility)
+
+absl_library(
+  TARGET
+    absl_hash
+  SOURCES
+    ${HASH_SRC}
+  PUBLIC_LIBRARIES
+    ${HASH_PUBLIC_LIBRARIES}
+  EXPORT_NAME
+    hash
+)
+
+#
+## TESTS
+#
+
+# testing support
+set(HASH_TEST_HEADERS hash_testing.h internal/spy_hash_state.h)
+set(HASH_TEST_PUBLIC_LIBRARIES absl::hash absl::container absl::numeric absl::strings absl::str_format)
+
+# hash_test
+set(HASH_TEST_SRC "hash_test.cc" ${HASH_TEST_HEADERS})
+
+absl_test(
+  TARGET
+    hash_test
+  SOURCES
+    ${HASH_TEST_SRC}
+  PUBLIC_LIBRARIES
+    ${HASH_TEST_PUBLIC_LIBRARIES}
+)
+
+# hash_test
+set(CITY_TEST_SRC "internal/city_test.cc")
+
+absl_test(
+  TARGET
+    city_test
+  SOURCES
+    ${CITY_TEST_SRC}
+  PUBLIC_LIBRARIES
+    ${HASH_TEST_PUBLIC_LIBRARIES}
+)
+
+

absl/hash/internal/city.h

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// http://code.google.com/p/cityhash/
+//
+// This file provides a few functions for hashing strings.  All of them are
+// high-quality functions in the sense that they pass standard tests such
+// as Austin Appleby's SMHasher.  They are also fast.
+//
+// For 64-bit x86 code, on short strings, we don't know of anything faster than
+// CityHash64 that is of comparable quality.  We believe our nearest competitor
+// is Murmur3.  For 64-bit x86 code, CityHash64 is an excellent choice for hash
+// tables and most other hashing (excluding cryptography).
+//
+// For 64-bit x86 code, on long strings, the picture is more complicated.
+// On many recent Intel CPUs, such as Nehalem, Westmere, Sandy Bridge, etc.,
+// CityHashCrc128 appears to be faster than all competitors of comparable
+// quality.  CityHash128 is also good but not quite as fast.  We believe our
+// nearest competitor is Bob Jenkins' Spooky.  We don't have great data for
+// other 64-bit CPUs, but for long strings we know that Spooky is slightly
+// faster than CityHash on some relatively recent AMD x86-64 CPUs, for example.
+// Note that CityHashCrc128 is declared in citycrc.h.
+//
+// For 32-bit x86 code, we don't know of anything faster than CityHash32 that
+// is of comparable quality.  We believe our nearest competitor is Murmur3A.
+// (On 64-bit CPUs, it is typically faster to use the other CityHash variants.)
+//
+// Functions in the CityHash family are not suitable for cryptography.
+//
+// Please see CityHash's README file for more details on our performance
+// measurements and so on.
+//
+// WARNING: This code has been only lightly tested on big-endian platforms!
+// It is known to work well on little-endian platforms that have a small penalty
+// for unaligned reads, such as current Intel and AMD moderate-to-high-end CPUs.
+// It should work on all 32-bit and 64-bit platforms that allow unaligned reads;
+// bug reports are welcome.
+//
+// By the way, for some hash functions, given strings a and b, the hash
+// of a+b is easily derived from the hashes of a and b.  This property
+// doesn't hold for any hash functions in this file.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_HASH_INTERNAL_CITY_H_
+#define ABSL_HASH_INTERNAL_CITY_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>  // for size_t.
+#include <utility>
+
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace hash_internal {
+
+typedef std::pair<uint64_t, uint64_t> uint128;
+
+inline uint64_t Uint128Low64(const uint128 &x) { return x.first; }
+inline uint64_t Uint128High64(const uint128 &x) { return x.second; }
+
+// Hash function for a byte array.
+uint64_t CityHash64(const char *s, size_t len);
+
+// Hash function for a byte array.  For convenience, a 64-bit seed is also
+// hashed into the result.
+uint64_t CityHash64WithSeed(const char *s, size_t len, uint64_t seed);
+
+// Hash function for a byte array.  For convenience, two seeds are also
+// hashed into the result.
+uint64_t CityHash64WithSeeds(const char *s, size_t len, uint64_t seed0,
+                           uint64_t seed1);
+
+// Hash function for a byte array.
+uint128 CityHash128(const char *s, size_t len);
+
+// Hash function for a byte array.  For convenience, a 128-bit seed is also
+// hashed into the result.
+uint128 CityHash128WithSeed(const char *s, size_t len, uint128 seed);
+
+// Hash function for a byte array.  Most useful in 32-bit binaries.
+uint32_t CityHash32(const char *s, size_t len);
+
+// Hash 128 input bits down to 64 bits of output.
+// This is intended to be a reasonably good hash function.
+inline uint64_t Hash128to64(const uint128 &x) {
+  // Murmur-inspired hashing.
+  const uint64_t kMul = 0x9ddfea08eb382d69ULL;
+  uint64_t a = (Uint128Low64(x) ^ Uint128High64(x)) * kMul;
+  a ^= (a >> 47);
+  uint64_t b = (Uint128High64(x) ^ a) * kMul;
+  b ^= (b >> 47);
+  b *= kMul;
+  return b;
+}
+
+}  // namespace hash_internal
+}  // namespace absl
+
+#endif  // ABSL_HASH_INTERNAL_CITY_H_

absl/hash/internal/city_crc.h

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// This file declares the subset of the CityHash functions that require
+// _mm_crc32_u64().  See the CityHash README for details.
+//
+// Functions in the CityHash family are not suitable for cryptography.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_HASH_INTERNAL_CITY_CRC_H_
+#define ABSL_HASH_INTERNAL_CITY_CRC_H_
+
+#include "absl/hash/internal/city.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace hash_internal {
+
+// Hash function for a byte array.
+uint128 CityHashCrc128(const char *s, size_t len);
+
+// Hash function for a byte array.  For convenience, a 128-bit seed is also
+// hashed into the result.
+uint128 CityHashCrc128WithSeed(const char *s, size_t len, uint128 seed);
+
+// Hash function for a byte array.  Sets result[0] ... result[3].
+void CityHashCrc256(const char *s, size_t len, uint64_t *result);
+
+}  // namespace hash_internal
+}  // namespace absl
+
+#endif  // ABSL_HASH_INTERNAL_CITY_CRC_H_

absl/hash/internal/hash.cc

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "absl/hash/internal/hash.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace hash_internal {
+
+ABSL_CONST_INIT const void* const CityHashState::kSeed = &kSeed;
+
+}  // namespace hash_internal
+}  // namespace absl

absl/hash/internal/print_hash_of.cc

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#include "absl/hash/hash.h"
+
+// Prints the hash of argv[1].
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  if (argc < 2) return 1;
+  printf("%zu\n", absl::Hash<int>{}(std::atoi(argv[1])));  // NOLINT
+}

absl/hash/internal/spy_hash_state.h

+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_HASH_INTERNAL_SPY_HASH_STATE_H_
+#define ABSL_HASH_INTERNAL_SPY_HASH_STATE_H_
+
+#include <ostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "absl/hash/hash.h"
+#include "absl/strings/match.h"
+#include "absl/strings/str_format.h"
+#include "absl/strings/str_join.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+namespace hash_internal {
+
+// SpyHashState is an implementation of the HashState API that simply
+// accumulates all input bytes in an internal buffer. This makes it useful
+// for testing AbslHashValue overloads (so long as they are templated on the
+// HashState parameter), since it can report the exact hash representation
+// that the AbslHashValue overload produces.
+//
+// Sample usage:
+// EXPECT_EQ(SpyHashState::combine(SpyHashState(), foo),
+//           SpyHashState::combine(SpyHashState(), bar));
+template <typename T>
+class SpyHashStateImpl : public HashStateBase<SpyHashStateImpl<T>> {
+ public:
+  SpyHashStateImpl()
+      : error_(std::make_shared<absl::optional<std::string>>()) {
+    static_assert(std::is_void<T>::value, "");
+  }
+
+  // Move-only
+  SpyHashStateImpl(const SpyHashStateImpl&) = delete;
+  SpyHashStateImpl& operator=(const SpyHashStateImpl&) = delete;
+
+  SpyHashStateImpl(SpyHashStateImpl&& other) noexcept {
+    *this = std::move(other);
+  }
+
+  SpyHashStateImpl& operator=(SpyHashStateImpl&& other) noexcept {
+    hash_representation_ = std::move(other.hash_representation_);
+    error_ = other.error_;
+    moved_from_ = other.moved_from_;
+    other.moved_from_ = true;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  template <typename U>
+  SpyHashStateImpl(SpyHashStateImpl<U>&& other) {  // NOLINT
+    hash_representation_ = std::move(other.hash_representation_);
+    error_ = other.error_;
+    moved_from_ = other.moved_from_;
+    other.moved_from_ = true;
+  }
+
+  template <typename A, typename... Args>
+  static SpyHashStateImpl combine(SpyHashStateImpl s, const A& a,
+                                  const Args&... args) {
+    // Pass an instance of SpyHashStateImpl<A> when trying to combine `A`. This
+    // allows us to test that the user only uses this instance for combine calls
+    // and does not call AbslHashValue directly.
+    // See AbslHashValue implementation at the bottom.
+    s = SpyHashStateImpl<A>::HashStateBase::combine(std::move(s), a);
+    return SpyHashStateImpl::combine(std::move(s), args...);
+  }
+  static SpyHashStateImpl combine(SpyHashStateImpl s) {
+    if (direct_absl_hash_value_error_) {
+      *s.error_ = "AbslHashValue should not be invoked directly.";
+    } else if (s.moved_from_) {
+      *s.error_ = "Used moved-from instance of the hash state object.";
+    }
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  static void SetDirectAbslHashValueError() {
+    direct_absl_hash_value_error_ = true;
+  }
+
+  // Two SpyHashStateImpl objects are equal if they hold equal hash
+  // representations.
+  friend bool operator==(const SpyHashStateImpl& lhs,
+                         const SpyHashStateImpl& rhs) {
+    return lhs.hash_representation_ == rhs.hash_representation_;
+  }
+
+  friend bool operator!=(const SpyHashStateImpl& lhs,
+                         const SpyHashStateImpl& rhs) {
+    return !(lhs == rhs);
+  }
+
+  enum class CompareResult {
+    kEqual,
+    kASuffixB,
+    kBSuffixA,
+    kUnequal,
+  };
+
+  static CompareResult Compare(const SpyHashStateImpl& a,
+                               const SpyHashStateImpl& b) {
+    const std::string a_flat = absl::StrJoin(a.hash_representation_, "");
+    const std::string b_flat = absl::StrJoin(b.hash_representation_, "");
+    if (a_flat == b_flat) return CompareResult::kEqual;
+    if (absl::EndsWith(a_flat, b_flat)) return CompareResult::kBSuffixA;
+    if (absl::EndsWith(b_flat, a_flat)) return CompareResult::kASuffixB;
+    return CompareResult::kUnequal;
+  }
+
+  // operator<< prints the hash representation as a hex and ASCII dump, to
+  // facilitate debugging.
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out,
+                                  const SpyHashStateImpl& hash_state) {
+    out << "[\n";
+    for (auto& s : hash_state.hash_representation_) {
+      size_t offset = 0;
+      for (char c : s) {
+        if (offset % 16 == 0) {
+          out << absl::StreamFormat("\n0x%04x: ", offset);
+        }
+        if (offset % 2 == 0) {
+          out << " ";
+        }
+        out << absl::StreamFormat("%02x", c);
+        ++offset;
+      }
+      out << "\n";
+    }
+    return out << "]";
+  }
+
+  // The base case of the combine recursion, which writes raw bytes into the
+  // internal buffer.
+  static SpyHashStateImpl combine_contiguous(SpyHashStateImpl hash_state,
+                                             const unsigned char* begin,
+                                             size_t size) {
+    hash_state.hash_representation_.emplace_back(
+        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(begin), size);
+    return hash_state;
+  }
+
+  using SpyHashStateImpl::HashStateBase::combine_contiguous;
+
+  absl::optional<std::string> error() const {
+    if (moved_from_) {
+      return "Returned a moved-from instance of the hash state object.";
+    }
+    return *error_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  template <typename U>
+  friend class SpyHashStateImpl;
+
+  // This is true if SpyHashStateImpl<T> has been passed to a call of
+  // AbslHashValue with the wrong type. This detects that the user called
+  // AbslHashValue directly (because the hash state type does not match).
+  static bool direct_absl_hash_value_error_;
+
+
+  std::vector<std::string> hash_representation_;
+  // This is a shared_ptr because we want all instances of the particular
+  // SpyHashState run to share the field. This way we can set the error for
+  // use-after-move and all the copies will see it.
+  std::shared_ptr<absl::optional<std::string>> error_;
+  bool moved_from_ = false;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+bool SpyHashStateImpl<T>::direct_absl_hash_value_error_;
+
+template <bool& B>
+struct OdrUse {
+  constexpr OdrUse() {}
+  bool& b = B;
+};
+
+template <void (*)()>
+struct RunOnStartup {
+  static bool run;
+  static constexpr OdrUse<run> kOdrUse{};
+};
+
+template <void (*f)()>
+bool RunOnStartup<f>::run = (f(), true);
+
+template <
+    typename T, typename U,
+    // Only trigger for when (T != U),
+    absl::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<T, U>::value, int> = 0,
+    // This statement works in two ways:
+    //  - First, it instantiates RunOnStartup and forces the initialization of
+    //    `run`, which set the global variable.
+    //  - Second, it triggers a SFINAE error disabling the overload to prevent
+    //    compile time errors. If we didn't disable the overload we would get
+    //    ambiguous overload errors, which we don't want.
+    int = RunOnStartup<SpyHashStateImpl<T>::SetDirectAbslHashValueError>::run>
+void AbslHashValue(SpyHashStateImpl<T>, const U&);
+
+using SpyHashState = SpyHashStateImpl<void>;
+
+}  // namespace hash_internal
+}  // namespace absl
+
+#endif  // ABSL_HASH_INTERNAL_SPY_HASH_STATE_H_