Mutex: Fix Condition pointer-to-member cast to respect const qualifier

Previously, `absl::Condition` incorrectly used the same (non-`const`)
pointer-to-method type when wrapping both `const` and non-`const` methods.

Unfortunately, this is undefined behavior according to `[expr.reinterpret.cast]`
in the C++ standard:

> The effect of calling a function through a pointer to a function type that is
> not the same as the type used in the definition of the function is undefined.

This fixes the UB.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 591981682
Change-Id: Iaca955346699417232383d3a1800ea9b82ea5761

absl/synchronization/mutex.h

@@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ class Condition {
   static bool CallVoidPtrFunction(const Condition*);
   static bool CallVoidPtrFunction(const Condition*);
   template <typename T>
   template <typename T>
   static bool CastAndCallFunction(const Condition* c);
   static bool CastAndCallFunction(const Condition* c);
-  template <typename T>
+  template <typename T, typename ConditionMethodPtr>
   static bool CastAndCallMethod(const Condition* c);
   static bool CastAndCallMethod(const Condition* c);
 
 
   // Helper methods for storing, validating, and reading callback arguments.
   // Helper methods for storing, validating, and reading callback arguments.
@@ -1080,12 +1080,12 @@ inline void Mutex::Dtor() {}
 inline CondVar::CondVar() : cv_(0) {}
 inline CondVar::CondVar() : cv_(0) {}
 
 
 // static
 // static
-template <typename T>
+template <typename T, typename ConditionMethodPtr>
 bool Condition::CastAndCallMethod(const Condition* c) {
 bool Condition::CastAndCallMethod(const Condition* c) {
   T* object = static_cast<T*>(c->arg_);
   T* object = static_cast<T*>(c->arg_);
-  bool (T::*method_pointer)();
-  c->ReadCallback(&method_pointer);
-  return (object->*method_pointer)();
+  ConditionMethodPtr condition_method_pointer;
+  c->ReadCallback(&condition_method_pointer);
+  return (object->*condition_method_pointer)();
 }
 }
 
 
 // static
 // static
@@ -1115,7 +1115,7 @@ inline Condition::Condition(bool (*func)(T*),
 template <typename T>
 template <typename T>
 inline Condition::Condition(T* object,
 inline Condition::Condition(T* object,
                             bool (absl::internal::identity<T>::type::*method)())
                             bool (absl::internal::identity<T>::type::*method)())
-    : eval_(&CastAndCallMethod<T>), arg_(object) {
+    : eval_(&CastAndCallMethod<T, decltype(method)>), arg_(object) {
   static_assert(sizeof(&method) <= sizeof(callback_),
   static_assert(sizeof(&method) <= sizeof(callback_),
                 "An overlarge method pointer was passed to Condition.");
                 "An overlarge method pointer was passed to Condition.");
   StoreCallback(method);
   StoreCallback(method);
@@ -1125,7 +1125,7 @@ template <typename T>
 inline Condition::Condition(const T* object,
 inline Condition::Condition(const T* object,
                             bool (absl::internal::identity<T>::type::*method)()
                             bool (absl::internal::identity<T>::type::*method)()
                                 const)
                                 const)
-    : eval_(&CastAndCallMethod<T>),
+    : eval_(&CastAndCallMethod<const T, decltype(method)>),
       arg_(reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<T*>(object))) {
       arg_(reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<T*>(object))) {
   StoreCallback(method);
   StoreCallback(method);
 }
 }

absl/synchronization/mutex_test.cc

@@ -977,6 +977,15 @@ TEST(Mutex, FunctionPointerConditionWithDerivedToBaseConversion) {
                                      const Derived *>::value));
                                      const Derived *>::value));
 }
 }
 
 
+struct Constable {
+  bool WotsAllThisThen() const { return true; }
+};
+
+TEST(Mutex, FunctionPointerConditionWithConstMethod) {
+  const Constable chapman;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(absl::Condition(&chapman, &Constable::WotsAllThisThen).Eval());
+}
+
 struct True {
 struct True {
   template <class... Args>
   template <class... Args>
   bool operator()(Args...) const {
   bool operator()(Args...) const {