Properly translate C++ exception to Python exception when creating Python buffer from wrapped object (#5324)

* Add test for throwing def_buffer case

* Translate C++ -> Python exceptions in buffer creation

This required a little refactoring to extract exception translation to a separate method

* Fix code formatting

* Fix "unused parameter" warning

* Refactor per review

* style: pre-commit fixes

* Address review comments

* Address review comments

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Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>