Currently pybind11 only supports std::unique_ptr<T> holders by default
(other holders can, of course, be declared using the macro).  PR #368
added a `py::nodelete` that is intended to be used as:

    py::class_<Type, std::unique_ptr<Type, py::nodelete>> c("Type");

but this doesn't work out of the box.  (You could add an explicit
holder type declaration, but this doesn't appear to have been the
intention of the commit).

This commit fixes it by generalizing the unique_ptr type_caster to take
both the type and deleter as template arguments, so that *any*
unique_ptr instances are now automatically handled by pybind.  It also
adds a test to test_smart_ptr, testing both that py::nodelete (now)
works, and that the object is indeed not deleted as intended.